Yeeb Yam Teeb Meem Txog Txog Phobia Ntuav Ntawm Ntuav (Emetophobia)
Koj puas ntshai kawg li ntawm kev ntuav? Qhov no puas rau koj noj? Koj puas tau raug tshuaj ntsuam txog kev noj mov ? Tej zaum koj txoj kev noj mov tsis muaj tseeb (los yog) los yog phobia?
Ib yam li kev ntshai los yog kev ntshai ntawm cov kab laug sab , kev ntshai ntawm ntuav yuav ua rau muaj zog heev uas nws yog ib tug phobia . Qhov tseeb phobia ntawm ntuav (SPOV), tseem hu ua emetophobia , yog ib qho kev mob hnyav.
Diagnostic thiab Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) categorizes nws raws li ib qho kev phobia, "lwm" subtype.
SPOV muaj feem xyuam rau kev ntuav thiab kev ntshai ntawm kev ntuav thiab tsis txhob muaj teeb meem ntsig txog ntuav. Nws tuaj yeem saib zoo li kev noj zaubmov, thiab feem ntau tshwm sim tuaj nrog ib tus. Ntau tus neeg uas muaj teeb meem teeb meem ntawm ntuav nrhiav kev kho mob nrog kev noj qab haus huv tus kws kho mob lossis kev noj mov tsis zoo. Hmoov tsis zoo, nws ntseeg tias ntau tus neeg uas muaj SPOV raug yuam kev xws li kev noj mov tsis tau-ib txoj kev kawm hauv 2013 pom tau tias coob tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tsis paub txog SPOV los yog paub nws thaum lawv pom.
Kev ntuav ntuav ntawm ntuav tau tsis tau tshawb nrhiav zoo. Nws cuam tshuam ntau cov pojniam ntau dua li cov txiv neej thiab feem ntau tshwm sim thaum yau los yog thaum tiav hluas. Tus neeg txom nyem raug cuam tshuam rau 25 xyoo ua ntej mus nrhiav kev kho mob. Tus kws kho mob feem ntau pom tau tias SPOV yog qhov nyuaj rau kev kho mob vim tias muaj kev tawm tsam siab heev thiab tsis teb rau kev kho mob.
Nws tuaj yeem dhau los ua ib qho ntawm feem cuam tshuam phobias vim hais tias cov neeg nrog nws tuaj yeem kom tsis txhob muaj ntau yam xwm txheej.
Cov tsos mob thiab mob
Muaj ntau yam uas yuav qhia tau tias koj muaj ib qho kev phobia ntawm ntuav.
Kev hnov mob
Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm SPOV yog qhov nquag xeev siab, ib qho tsis hnov qab ntsig txog txoj hnyuv.
Cov neeg uas SPOV xav tias xeev siab dua li cov neeg tsis muaj phobia. Feem ntau cov neeg mob SPOV qhia tau tias hnov xeev siab txhua txhua ob rau ob hnub, feem ntau tshaj ib teev ntawm ib lub sijhawm. Kev paub ntawm xeev siab zoo li zoo txog kev siv ntawm kev ntshai uas tib neeg xav. Cov neeg mob SPOV uas muaj kev xeev siab kuj zoo li poob phaus ntau dua.
Xav
Yog tias koj muaj SPOV, koj tseem ceeb heev rau ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm ntuav. Koj tseem tuaj yeem tswj kev tswj kev mob thiab muaj mob. Thaum koj hnov mob, koj yuav xav tias, "Kuv yuav ntuav," nrog kev ntseeg zoo uas koj xav tau.
Tej zaum koj yuav ntshai ntuav koj tus kheej ntuav thiab lwm tus neeg puag ncig koj ntuav. Feem ntau cov neeg (47 feem pua) nrog ntuav phobia feem ntau ntshai ntuav lawv tus kheej ntuav, thiab txo qis dua lwm tus ntuav. Ib tug xov tooj tsawg dua (41 feem pua) sib npaug zos ntshai lawv tus kheej thiab lwm tus ntuav. Tsis tshua tau cov neeg SPOV tsuas yog lossis ntshai ntshai lwm tus (thiab tsis yog lawv tus kheej) ntuav. Ntuav lwm tus neeg kuj yuav raug ntshai tsam feem ntau ntawm kev ntshai ntawm kev sib kis.
Tus cwj pwm
Yog tias koj muaj SPOV koj tuaj yeem ua rau ntau yam kev coj cwj pwm kom txo tau qhov koj yuav ntuav tau. Cov no muaj xws li kev kuaj lub cev koj lub cev rau kev xav thiab kev qhia tias koj ntuav tau.
Koj tuaj yeem koom tes rau hauv kev nyab xeeb-nrhiav tus cwj pwm thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo uas yog xyuas cov hnub zaub mov tas sij hawm, tsis txhob haus cawv, thiab tsis txhob noj tej yam khoom xws li nqaij thiab nqaij nruab deg. Cov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv no tuaj yeem haus cov kev txhawj xeeb thiab lub sijhawm ntau.
Psychosocial Impairment
Cov neeg SPOV raug kev txom nyem tseem ceeb. Nws yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm thaum koj tuaj yeem siv sijhawm hnub vim koj xav tias ib tus neeg hauv koj chaw ua haujlwm muaj mob. Tej zaum nws yuav cuam tshuam rau koj lub neej kev ua neej thaum koj tsis txhob koom tej kev sib tham uas koj ntseeg tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm ntuav. Koj tuaj yeem tsis txhob tiv tauj nrog me nyuam thaum lawv mob lossis pw hauv lwm chav tsev yog tias koj tus khub muaj mob lossis haus dej.
Kev Ntsuas Ntsuas
Nws muaj ob txoj kev ntsuas los mus ntsuam xyuas SPOV:
- Phob ntuav ntawm ntuav cov lus nug (SPOVI)
- Daim ntawv nug txog Emetophobia (EMETQ)
Txoj kev sib raug zoo rau lwm yam kev mob
Vim hais tias kev ntshai ntawm ntuav tau ntau tus nta sib luag nrog lwm cov kab mob zoo dua, nws muaj peev xwm tsis pom thiab tsis paub tseeb. Kev mob txhawj xeeb muaj mob (yav dhau los hypochondriasis) ntau yam zoo sib xws nrog SPOV, nrog rau kev txhawj xeeb, kev pov hwm-nrhiav, thiab kuaj tus cwj pwm txog tej yam kab mob lossis kev raug lom khoom noj uas yuav ua rau ntuav.
Cov tsos mob ntawm SPOV tuaj yeem zoo li lub pob zeb ntxuav tes los yog ntxuav kev txhaum cai ntawm obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) . Ob leeg SPOV thiab ceeb tsis sib haum xeeb yog ua los ntawm kev ntxhov siab dhau ntawm thiab kev ntshai ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog, uas nyob rau hauv kev sib haumxeeb sib koom tes. Qee cov neeg mob SPOV muaj qee cov tsos mob ntawm kev phobia , nrog kev ntshai ntuav nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo los yog lwm tus txiav txim rau lawv yog tias lawv mob.
Kev sib raug zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv
Thaum kuaj mob ntawm kev noj mov thiab SPOV tuaj yeem tshwm sim, nws tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb txog ntau npaum li cas. Hauv ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav txog kev coj noj coj ua nyob rau hauv cov neeg SPOV, kwv yees li ntawm ib feem ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom lawv txwv lawv cov zaub mov thiab koom nrog kev coj tus cwj pwm txawv. Lwm txoj kev tshawb nrhiav tau pom tias 80 feem pua ntawm cov neeg uas muaj SPOV tau tshaj tawm hais txog kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab 61 feem pua qhia txog kev noj zaub mov. Hauv peb txoj kev tshawb nrhiav, ntawm 131 cov neeg mob uas muaj SPOV, plaub leej kuj tau kuaj mob anorexia nervosa.
Cov neeg nrog SPOV feem ntau txwv cov khoom noj kom txo tau txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm ntuav. Raws li xws li, lawv yuav zoo li cov neeg mob uas muaj kev noj qab nyob zoo, tiv thaiv txwv tsis pub muaj kev txwv tsis zoo (ARFID) , uas DSM-5 txhais tau tias yog kev noj zaub mov uas cov tib neeg ua tsis tau raws li lawv cov kev xav tau noj haus tab sis tsis muaj lub cev kev txhawj xeeb ntawm cov tib neeg uas mob anorexia nervosa. Cov neeg SPOV tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem rau ARFID thaum muaj kev ntshai heev ntawm ntuav thiab kev noj zaub mov muaj kev txwv thiab muaj ib qho ntawm cov mob hauv qab no:
- Ntshav hnyav heev
- Muaj txiaj ntsim zoo noj haus
- Ntsib ntawm raj noj
- Psychosocial puas
Txij lub sij hawm thiab nrog cov kev txwv kev noj zaub mov, qee cov neeg uas muaj SPOV ua tau raws li ARFID cov txheej txheem kuj tuaj yeem pib tsim nta cov anorexia nervosa, xws li hnyav thiab txhawj txog teeb meem, tsis pom lub cev, lossis kev zam ntawm cov zaub mov uas muaj caloric.
Nws tseem yuav tshwm sim hais tias qee cov neeg uas muaj SPOV tuaj yeem yuam kev nrog kev mob nkeeg vim kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo thiab kev coj cwj pwm uas tau tsav los ntawm cov kev ntshai phob nyom es tsis noj mov hauv psychopathology. Thaum ua rau cov kws kho mob sib txawv sib txawv yuav tsum to taub tias vim li cas tus neeg mob ntshai thiab tsis noj zaub mov: puas yog vim ntshai tsam kev hnyav nce lossis ntshai tsam ntuav?
Kev loj hlob
Phobias ntseeg tau los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic thiab environmental factors. Muaj kev ntseeg tau ob peb yam tseem ceeb rau SPOV. Cov neeg uas tsim kev ntshai ntawm ntuav yuav tshwm sim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab vim kev ntxhov siab. Tej zaum lawv yuav pom kev ntxhov siab los ntawm kev mob tshwm sim xws li "butterflies hauv plab" los yog xeev siab. Thaum kawg, lawv yuav muaj kev qias neeg siab heev.
Ntau yam kev phobias muaj qee tus neeg kawm paub ntshai tias ua rau cov teeb meem no tseem ceeb. Qee qhov kev xwm txheej muaj peev xwm tau pab rau phobia txoj kev loj hlob. Muaj ntau tus neeg SPOV nco qab txog qhov teeb meem tshwm sim rau lawv tus kheej los yog lwm tus ntuav. Qee cov neeg tsis nco qab tsis muaj qhov teeb meem tshwm sim; Cov no yog cov xwm txheej ntawm kev kawm, xws li nyeem ntawv txog ib qho teeb meem ntawm ntuav lossis hnov lwm tus neeg tham txog ntuav hauv kev ntshai.
Txij nkawm
Cov neeg coob leej tau mob siab rau txoj kev mob plab hnyuv, ntau dua qhov lawv yuav pom tau tias xeev siab. Cov neeg uas muaj kev ntxhov siab vim lub cev muaj peev xwm ua kev puas tsuaj misinterpret cov kab mob ntawm kev zom zaub mov raws li qhov ntsuas ntawm yav tom ntej xeev siab. Qhov no ua rau kev ntxhov siab vim muaj zog, uas siab rau qhov siab.
Qhov kev xav no muaj peev xwm yuam kev rau qhov ceeb toom kev ceeb toom uas ntuav nyob ze. Qhov kev tswj fwm mis ua tsis zoo no pabcuam kom muaj kev ntxhov siab, thiab vicious voj voog tseem. Qhov ntau dua li xeev siab, tus neeg muaj kev ntshai, qhov ntshai tsam lawv muaj, ntau dua qhov qub, qhov siab dua ntais.
Kev tawm thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm txoj kev nyab xeeb tseem tuav lub phobia. Cov neeg nrog SPOV feem ntau tsis txhob noj cov khoom noj kom txhob ntuav ntuav. Feem ntau tsis txhob noj cov khoom noj xws li nqaij, nqaij qaib, nqaij nruab deg thiab qwj ntses, zaub mov txawv teb chaws, khoom noj khoom haus, thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub. Tej zaum lawv yuav txwv tsis pub noj cov zaub mov kom txo tau qhov tsis xis nyob uas lawv ntshai tsam yuav ntuav ntuav. Tej zaum lawv yuav txwv tsis pub noj zaub mov hauv qee yam ntsiab lus, xws li cov zaub mov noj los ntawm lwm tus neeg.
Cov neeg ntuav uas ntuav phobia tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj dav dav ntawm cov xwm txheej:
- Cov neeg ntseeg hais tias lawv yuav ua rau lawv ntuav los ntawm kev noj cov zaubmov lossis cov khoom noj txom ncauj, tuaj xyuas cov neeg hauv tsev khomob, noj mov hauv cov khw nojmov, cov chaw tawm rooj, mus ncig, nkoj thiab dav hlau, mus rau qhov chaw ua si, lossis mus ntsib cov neeg mob
- Cov neeg uas lawv ntseeg tias lawv yuav pom tus neeg ntuav-cov txheej xwm uas cov qhua haus cawv, qhov chaw uas cov menyuam yaus ua si- lossis qhov chaw uas lawv ntshai tsam lawv ntuav tau lwm tus neeg
- Cev xeeb tub-muaj qee tus neeg tau xaiv los txiav kev cev xeeb tub vim lawv ntshai ntuav
- Xav tau kev phais
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias feem ntau ntawm cov teeb meem no yuav raug cuam tshuam nrog kev pheej hmoo tsis txaus ntawm ntuav. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg uas tsis tuaj yeem tsis paub tias cov xwm txheej no tsis txaus ntshai.
Cov neeg uas muaj SPOV tsim muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm txoj kev nyab xeeb lawv ntseeg tias txo tau lawv qhov ntuav ntawm ntuav. Lawv yuav noj tshuaj antacids, hnav cov hnab looj tes roj hmab, rov qab xyuas cov hnub muag thiab cov zaub mov ntawm cov zaub mov, ntxuav lawv txhais tes kom huv, ntxuav qhov chaw ua noj, thiab ntxuav cov zaub mov ntau dua. Lawv pom tias qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov kev ntsuas hauv kev tiv thaiv ntuav.
Nws yog pab rau cov neeg uas muaj SPOV kom nkag siab tias qhov ntuav zaus tsis txawv rau cov neeg uas muaj SPOV tshaj rau cov neeg uas tsis muaj phobia thiab tsis xyaum xyuam xim thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb. Hauv kev muaj tiag, ntuav yog qhov tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim.
Kev kho mob
Kev tshawb nrhiav txog kev kho mob rau SPOV muaj tsawg heev, tsuas yog luam tawm ib qho kev sib yeem xwb. kev paub txog tus cwj pwm kev coj cwj pwm (CBT) yog txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws rau kev kho mob ntawm SPOV thiab lwm yam phobias. Kev kho mob yuav tsum pib nrog kev ntsuam xyuas txhua yam thiab kev tsim tshuaj uas pab kom tus neeg mob to taub cov txheej txheem uas tswj hwm tus neeg mob qhov kev ntshai. Kev tsim tawm kuj qhia txog kev xaiv cov hom phiaj kho mob.
Raws li feem ntau phobias, raug yog lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev kho mob. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob ntawm SPOV yog qhov kev kho mob tsis muaj feem xyuam nrog qhov teeb meem tseeb-uas yog, ntuav ntuav ntuav. Kev ntuav ntawm qhov ntuav ntawm qhov kev sib txuam tsis yog kev txiav txim siab lossis kev nyab xeeb, tshwj xeeb yog thaum ua dua. Tsis tas li xwb, tib zaug xwb yuav tsis muaj peev xwm txo tau qhov txaus ntshai ntawm ntuav. Txoj kev kho mob yuav tsum ua kom zoo dua rau cov kev xav ntawm ntuav thiab cov xwm txheej uas ua rau muaj kev ntshai ntawm ntuav.
Psychoeducation
CBT rau SPOV feem ntau pib nrog kev kawm psychoeducation txog ntuav phobia, nrog rau kev paub txog kev ntxhov siab vim hais txog kev sib nkag siab ntawm lub hlwb, lub cev, thiab tus cwj pwm. Cov neeg mob yuav tsum tau kawm txog cov xwm txheej uas tswj xyuas qhov teeb meem thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev raug mob hauv kev kho mob.
Tej zaum koj yuav rov qab kawm tau dua:
- Ntuav yog ib qho kev coj ua thiab coj tus cwj pwm, tsim kom txuag tau koj lub neej los ntawm koj lub cev ntawm ib yam dab tsi uas koj tau noj uas yog kab mob lossis raug mob.
- Txhua hom tsiaj tsuas yog cov nas tsuag ntuav (uas yog vim li cas tus tshuaj lom tsuag zoo).
- Koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv koj tus kheej ntawm ntuav. Nws yog lub tswv yim qub uas tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tau.
- Cov kev xeev siab tsuas yog ib qho kev qhia ntawm ntuav.
- Cov qauv kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov zaub mov, tub yees, thiab kev tu huv si tau txo qhov ntuav ntawm ntuav nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb tsim kho; Ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav tau pom tias neeg feem coob tuaj yeem ntuav txog li ntawm plaub mus txog rau zaus tshaj lawv lub neej.
Raug
Kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob emetophobia feem ntau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub cev nqaij daim tawv lub hauv paus rau kev paub thiab kev tswj ntawm SPOV, xws li xeev siab. Raug rau lub cev nqaij daim tawv yuav ua rau kev ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog uas zoo ib yam li ntxhov siab. Piv txwv, muaj ib tus neeg mob tau ntau zaus qis kiv taub hau thiab qee zaum xeev siab.
Qee cov qauv kev kho mob CBT muaj xws li kev xav txog kev xav ntawm kev ua ntu zus dhau los ntawm ntuav. Qee cov kws kho mob siv cov yeeb yaj duab ntawm lwm tus ntuav. Qee zaus cov neeg mob tau thov kom ntuav ntuav. Nyob hauv qhov kev ua no, lawv muab cov khoom noj txom ncauj tso rau hauv lawv lub qhov ncauj, txhos caug pem taub hau ntawm lub qhov viv, thiab nto qaub ncaug mus rau hauv lub qhov quav kom simulate qhov zoo nkauj thiab lub suab ntawm ntuav. Cov neeg mob kuj tuaj yeem raug rau ib yam khoom uas zoo nkaus li lossis tsw zoo li ntuav.
Ntxiv nrog rau kis tau tus cwj pwm ntawm lub cev thiab cov ntuav ntawm ntuav saum toj no, kev kho yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov khoom noj thiab cov xwm txheej uas tau raug zam lawm. Qhov no feem ntau ua rau kev hierarchical, nrog progressively scarier teeb meem approached lub sij hawm. Kev muaj feem xyuam tau. Piv txwv li, ib tus neeg noj tau zaub mov noj tom qab ntawd thiab mus rau ntawm lub plawv.
CBT kev kho kuj muaj xws li txiav cov cwj pwm kev nyab xeeb, xws li looj hnab looj tes thiab tu ntau heev. Nws kuj muaj kev ntxhov siab ntxhov siab vim kev xav.
Txawm hais tias kev nkag siab ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm yuav yog qhov tseeb, qee yam tshuaj xws li SSRIs yuav pab tau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias muaj lwm cov kev mob siab lossis kev ntxhov siab.
Kev Rov Qab Tshuaj Lawm
Yog tias tus neeg mob nyob ntawm qhov hnyav tsawg, ces qhov hnyav nce thiab kev kho kom rov zoo li qub ntawm kev noj zaub mov hauv SPOV yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob, ib yam li nws muaj kev tsis txaus siab ntawm lub cev. Kev kho tsev neeg raws li kev txhim kho kev noj haus thiab kev raug mob yuav yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau cov tub ntxhais hluas nrog SPOV uas xav tau kom rov qab los nyhav.
Lo Lus Ntawm
Nws yog ib qho uas pheej xav tias tsis kam mus nrhiav kev pab. Yog tias koj (lossis ib tus neeg hlub) muaj kev ntshai heev ntawm ntuav, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tau txais qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ua rau koj paub tseeb. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem pib txheej txheem kho.
> Qhov chaw:
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