Dab tsi yog Neurotransmitters?
Nws ntseeg hais tias lub hlwb muaj ntau pua hom ntau hom tshuaj xa tuaj (neurotransmitters) uas ua raws li cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov hlwb sib txawv. Cov tshuaj xaib no yog molecular tshuaj uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev xav, kev ntshaw, kev ntxhov siab, kev pw tsaug zog, lub plawv dhia, qhov kub, kev ua phem, kev ntshai thiab ntau lwm yam kev xav thiab lub cev.
Cov kws tshawb fawb pom tau tias muaj peb yam loj ntawm neurotransmitters hauv tib neeg lub hlwb:
1. Biogenic amine neurotransmitters tau kawm txog qhov ntev thiab tej zaum qhov zoo tshaj plaws to taub tias lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo rau kev puas siab puas ntsws. Rau ntawm lub ntsiab biogenic amine neurotransmitters yog:
- Serotonin yog ib tug neeg xa xov xwm tshuaj uas yog lub luag haujlwm hauv kev txhim kho kev ntxhov siab, kev xav, kev pw tsaug zog, kev ntshaw, thiab kev ua plees ua yi. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) feem ntau pom tias yog cov kab tshuaj thawj zaug kom kho cov tsiv siab .
- Norepinephrine , uas cuam tshuam rau kev pw tsaug zog thiab kev kub ntxhov, ntseeg tias kev sib raug zoo rau kev sib ntaus sib tua los yog kev sib tw siab.
- Epinephrine feem ntau yog xav tias yog ib txoj kev nyuab siab tswj hwm los ntawm qhov system adrenal, tab sis nws kuj ua raws li neurotransmitter hauv lub hlwb.
- Dopamine influences lub cev muaj zog thiab tseem ntseeg tau txuam rau hauv kev xav, nqi zog, kev txhawb thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm . Ntau txoj kev xav ntawm kev puas siab ntsws xav tias dopamine plays lub luag haujlwm hauv cov kev mob hlwb .
- Histamine xav kom muaj feem xyuam rau txoj kev xav, kev mloog, thiab kev kawm. Nws kuj tau tso tawm rau kev teb rau kev fab tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov tshuaj Antihistamines, uas feem ntau siv los kho cov kev ua xua, muaj cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm kev ua kom tsaug zog, hnyav nce , thiab ntshav siab.
- Acetylcholine ntseeg tias muaj kev sib txuas nrog cov leeg mob, kev kawm, thiab kev nco. Alzheimer's hom dementia tau txuas mus rau acetylcholin kev ua haujlwm .
2. Peptide neurotransmitters ntseeg tau tias yuav muaj feem xyuam nrog txoj kev kho kom haum xeeb ntawm txoj kev xav, kev ua kom muaj tus cwj pwm, kev tswj hwm thiab lwm yam dej num. Tej yam txawv txav hauv peptide neurotransmitters tau txuam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm tus mob schizophrenia , noj mov, Huntington's disease thiab Alzheimer's disease.
- Cholecystokinin (CCK) , ib qho tshiab discovery, yog ib peptide uas tau txais ntau lub xim hauv lub xyoo dhau los. Nws ntseeg tias CCK tsub kom so inducing GABA thaum lub sij hawm txo dopamine. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau txuas nrog CCK nrog kev ntxhov siab thiab ceeb ntshai nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas muaj teeb meem ntshai.
3. Amino acid neurotransmitters tau pom los ntawm qee cov kws tshaj li cov neeg tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem neurotransmission. Muaj ob hom kab mob cancer loj loj rau cov neurotransmitters:
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) yog ib qho teeb meem loj hauv cov neurotransmitter uas ua los ntawm lub tswv yim tsis zoo los thaiv qhov kev sib kis ntawm lub teeb liab ntawm ib lub xov tooj ntawm tes mus rau lwm tus. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas qhov kev cia siab nyob rau hauv lub hlwb. Benzodiazepines ( tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab ) ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv GABA receptors ntawm lub hlwb, inducing ib lub xeev ntawm so.
- Glutamate yog ib qho kev ua neurotransmitter excitatory thiab yog cov neeg siv tshuaj tua tsiaj tshaj plaws hauv lub hlwb. Nws ntseeg tau los koom nrog kev kawm thiab kev nco. Tej kab mob (xws li Alzheimer's disease) lossis kev raug mob hlwb (xws li mob stroke) yuav ua rau muaj glutamate ntau dhau. Qhov no tuaj yeem tsim theem rau excitotoxicity, tus txheej txheem uas yuav ua rau kev puas tsuaj lossis tuag ntawm hlwb hlwb.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias GABA thiab glutamate muaj kev xyuam xim los sis sib npaug sib npaug. Feem xyuam ntawm ib qho ntawm cov amino acid neurotransmitters cuam tshuam qhov kev ua ntawm lwm yam. Qee cov kws txawj ntseeg hais tias lawv cov excitatory thiab inhibitory tshuav nyiaj raug rau txhua lub hlwb hlwb .
Neurotransmitters Team Team
Tag nrho cov tshuaj xa tuaj rau hauv lub hlwb tau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev. Lawv txoj kev ua hauj lwm cuam tshuam rau ib qho kev tshev thiab kev sib tw thaum txhua lub sijhawm ntawm lawv lub neej. Yog tias ib feem ntawm qhov kev ua tsis tiav, lwm tus ua tsis tau lawv txoj haujlwm. Kev puas siab puas ntsws yog ib qho ntawm ntau ntawm lub cev thiab kev mob hlwb uas ntseeg tau los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov neurotransmitters.
Qhov chaw:
Beinfeld, Margery C. "Cholecystokinin." Psychopharmacology-4th Generation of Progress. 2000.
Kaplan MD, Harold I. thiab Sadock MD, Benjamin J. Synopsis ntawm Psychiatry, Yim Tshooj . Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. 1998.
Paul, Steven M. "GABA thiab Glycine." Psychopharmacology-4th Generation of Progress. 2000.