Kev nyob zoo tuaj yeem txhim kho txoj kev tswj kev ntxhov siab, kev tsim khoom, thiab koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv
Koj puas paub ib tug neeg uas zoo li ib txwm luag nyav thiab xav zoo? Los yog koj puas yog koj ib tus neeg uas muaj kev zoo siab? Tej kev nyuaj yog pom tias 'kev kawm txawj ntse' los ntawm cov neeg zoo, thiab txawm tias hnub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yuav tsum cog lus rau lawv tias 'tag kis yuav zoo dua.'
Yog tias koj ib txwm pom qhov sib zog ntawm cov khoom, koj yuav xav tias koj tau ntsib ntau yam hauv koj lub neej dua li lwm tus, nrhiav koj tus kheej tsis tshua nyuaj siab, thiab tseem tau txais kev pab ntau dua.
Qhov no tsis yog koj lub tswv yim.
Cov kws tshawb fawb xws li Martin Seligman tau kawm zoo txaus ntseeg thiab cov xav pessimists tau ntau xyoo, thiab lawv tau pom tias lub ntiaj teb zoo siab pom muaj qhov zoo.
Cov Kev Zoo ntawm Optimism
Superior Health
Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb ntawm 99 Harvard University cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv, cov neeg uas xav zoo siab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 25 xyoos tau muaj kev noj qab haus huv thaum muaj hnub nyoog 45 thiab 60 tshaj li cov neeg uas xav tias cov neeg xav tau pessimists. Lwm cov kev tshawb fawb tau txuas nrog cov ntsiab lus pessimistic piav qhia nrog ntau dua cov kab mob sib kis, kev noj qab haus huv, thiab lub neej yav dhau los.
Ntau dua Kev Ua Tau Zoo
Seligman tau soj ntsuam cov kev ntaus kis las ntawm cov kev ua si thiab nrhiav tau tias pawg neeg zoo tshaj plaws tau tsim cov kev ua haujlwm zoo zog thiab ua tau zoo dua cov pessimistic cov sawv cev . Lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb pom tias cov neeg ua luam dej muaj yees tsis txaus ntseeg uas tau ntseeg tias lawv tau ua phem zuj zus tshaj qhov lawv tau ua rau cov kev tsis zoo yav tom ntej. Optimistic swimmers tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv no.
Kev tshawb nrhiav li no tau coj qee cov tuam txhab khiav tawm ntawm lawv txoj kev mus ntiav cov xav tau zoo - ib qho kev xyaum uas zoo li yuav tsum them tawm.
Persistence
Optimists tsis tso raws li yooj yim li pessimists, thiab lawv yuav muaj kev vam meej vim tias nws. Ib txhia neeg ua lag luam zoo, zoo li Donald Trump, tau nyiaj ntau heev (txawm ntau zaus), tiam sis tau ua rau lawv poob thiab poob lawv qhov kev poob siab mus rau tsheej lab.
Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv
Hauv kev tshawb nrhiav txog cov neeg mob hlwb, nws pom tau hais tias 12 lub lim tiam ntawm txoj kev xav (uas yog rov ua kom tus neeg lub tswv yim xav) ua haujlwm zoo dua cov tshuaj, vim muaj kev hloov ntev ntev dua ib ntus kev txhim kho. Cov neeg mob uas tau kawm hauv kev xav zoo no tau muaj peev xwm los tswj tau cov teeb meem yav tom ntej.
Muaj Longevity
Hauv kev kawm dhau los ntawm 34 kev noj qab haus huv Hall of Fame baseball players ua si ntawm 1900 thiab 1950, optimists nyob ntev dua. Lwm cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias cov neeg mob cancer hauv lub mis zoo siab muaj kev noj qab haus huv cov kev ua tau zoo dua li cov neeg mob pessimistic thiab tsis muaj kev vam.
Tsawg dua Kev Ntxhov Siab
Optimists kuj yuav muaj kev nyuab siab dua li cov kws xav pessimists lossis realists. Vim lawv ntseeg lawv tus kheej thiab lawv lub peev xwm, lawv xav tias yuav muaj tej yam zoo tshwm sim. Lawv pom cov xwm txheej tsis zoo raws li cov me nyuam yaus ua tsis tau yooj yim, thiab saib cov txheej xwm zoo li cov pov thawj ntawm cov khoom zoo tuaj ntxiv. Kev ntseeg rau lawv tus kheej, lawv tseem siv ntau yam kev pheej hmoo thiab tsim muaj cov xwm txheej zoo dua hauv lawv lub neej.
Ntxiv mus, kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias cov neeg xav tau zoo dua nrog kev tswj xyuas kev nyuab siab , nyiam cov kev xav kom txo tau lossis tshem tawm cov kev nyuaj siab thiab lawv lub siab lub ntsws.
Optimists ua hauj lwm nyuaj ntawm kev tswj kev nyuaj siab, yog li lawv tsis nyuab siab.
'Explanatory Style' Piav Qhia
'Kev piav qhia style' lossis ' attributional style ' yog hais txog tias tib neeg piav qhia txog cov xwm txheej ntawm lawv lub neej. Muaj peb yam ntawm cov tib neeg tuaj yeem piav qhia txog qhov teeb meem. Qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lawv yog tias lawv khoov mus rau qhov ua tau zoo los yog cov kws pessimists:
Kev ruaj khov thiab tsis ruaj nreg: Lub sijhawm hloov sijhawm, lossis ua haujlwm tau zoo li qub tsis hais lub sijhawm licas?
Thoob Ntiaj Teb thiab Hauv Zos: Puas yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm ib feem ntawm koj lub neej, los yog koj lub neej tag nrho?
Sab Nraud Thiab Sab Nraud: Koj puas xav tias muaj xwm txheej tshwm sim los ntawm koj los yog tawm sab nraud?
Cov neeg xav pom tej yam kuj pom meej, tiam sis feem ntau ntawm peb tsis yog tus muaj tiag. Feem ntau ntawm peb, mus rau ib theem, attribute cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv peb lub neej optimistically los yog pessimistically. Cov qauv zoo li no:
Optimists
Optimists piav qhia cov xwm txheej zoo li muaj tshwm sim vim yog lawv (sab hauv). Lawv kuj pom lawv ua pov thawj tias ntau yam zoo yuav tshwm sim rau yav tom ntej (ruaj khov), thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm lawv lub neej (ntiaj teb). Sib cav, lawv pom cov xwm txheej tsis zoo li tsis yog lawv cov txhaum (sab nraud). Lawv kuj pom lawv raws li yog flukes (raug rho tawm) uas tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog lwm qhov chaw ntawm lawv lub neej los yog yav tom ntej cov txheej xwm (hauv zos).
Piv txwv li, yog tias tus neeg txawj ntse nce qib, nws yuav muaj peev xwm ntseeg tias nws yog qhov zoo ntawm nws txoj haujlwm thiab yuav tau txais kev pab ntau dua thiab kev txhawb yav tom ntej.
Yog tias nws dhau mus rau kev nce qib, nws yuav muaj peev xwm vim nws tau tawm hauj lwm vim tias nws muaj qhov teeb meem, tiam sis nws yuav ua zoo dua yav tom ntej.
Pessimists
Pessimists xav hais tias nyob rau hauv txoj kev opposite. Lawv ntseeg tias cov xwm txheej tsis zoo tshwm sim los ntawm lawv (sab hauv). Lawv ntseeg tias ib qho yuam kev txhais tau tias ntau yuav tuaj (ruaj khov), thiab yuam kev nyob rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub neej yog kev tsis taus (ntiaj teb), vim tias lawv yog qhov ua rau.
Lawv pom cov xwm txheej zoo li flukes (lub zos) uas yog los ntawm tej yam sab nraum lawv tswj (lwm) thiab tej zaum yuav tsis rov muaj dua (tsis ruaj tsis khov).
Tus pessimist yuav pom kev nce qib raws li qhov kev tshwm sim muaj hmoo uas tej zaum yuav tsis rov muaj dua, thiab tej zaum tseem txhawj tias nws yuav tam sim no muaj nyob rau hauv ntau scrutiny. Tau dhau mus rau kev nce qib yuav raug piav qhia raws li tsis txawj txaus. Nws thiaj li xav tias yuav tsum dhau mus dua.
Qhov no txhais li cas
To taub, yog tias koj txawj xav, qhov no zoo rau koj lub neej yav tom ntej. Cov xwm txheej tsis zoo yuav ntxeev tawm ntawm koj sab nraud, tab sis cov xwm txheej zoo zoo hais tias koj kev ntseeg rau koj tus kheej, koj lub peev xwm ua tej yam zoo tshwm sim tam sim no thiab yav tom ntej, thiab hauv kev zoo ntawm lub neej.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov kws pessimists thiab realists, cov qauv ntawm kev xav tau kawm tau rau ib theem (tab sis peb pheej xav tias peb feem ntau xav tias peb lub tswv yim ntawm kev xav.) Siv ib tug xyaum ua "lub tswv yim rov ua dua ," koj tuaj yeem pab koj tus kheej thiab lwm tus neeg zoo dua consciously nyuaj tsis zoo, self-limiting xav thiab hloov nws nrog ntau optimistic xav qauv.
Kawm ntxiv txog yuav ua li cas thiaj muaj kev txawj ntse , thiab paub seb yuav ua li cas thiaj txhawb tau ib tus menyuam zoo.
Qhov chaw:
Peterson, Christopher; Seligman, Martin E .; Vaillant, George E .; Pessimistic explanatory style yog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev mob nkeeg ntawm lub cev: Kev kawm ntev txog tsib caug tsib xyoos. Phau Ntawv Cim Pwm thiab Kev Psychology , Vol 55 (1), Jul, 1988. sab 23-27.
Peterson, C. (2000). Lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm kev xav. American Psychologist, 55, 44-55.
Solberg Nes, LS, & Segerstrom, SC (2006). Kev pom zoo thiab kev tsis txaus siab: Kev ntsuam xyuas kev txheeb-xyuas. Tus Cwj Pwm thiab Kev Psychology Kev Ntsuam Xyuas, 10, 235-251.