Selective mutism yog ib qho kev nyuab siab feem ntau yog thawj zaug kuaj pom thaum me nyuam yaus. Cov lus piav qhia thawj hnub rov qab rau 1877 thaum German kws kho mob Adolph Kussmaul tau sau npe rau cov menyuam yaus uas tsis hais lus li "aphasia voluntaria."
Cov menyuam yaus uas xaiv tau suab hais tsis tau hais lus hauv tej lub sijhawm, xws li hauv tsev kawm lossis hauv zej zog. Nws tau kwv yees tias tsawg tshaj li 1% ntawm cov menyuam yaus raug kev tsim txom los ntawm kev xaiv tus yam ntxwv zoo.
Kev kuaj mob
Txawm hais tias selective mutism ntseeg tau tias nws cov hauv paus hniav ntawm kev ntxhov siab, nws tsis yog cais raws li kev txhawj xeeb txog kev txhawj xeeb txog thaum tsis ntev los no ntawm phau ntawv Diagnostic thiab Cov Ntawv Qhia Txog Cov Ntsuj Plig (DSM-V) tau luam tawm rau xyoo 2013.
Kev siv lub sij hawm "selective" tau txais nyob rau hauv 1994, ua ntej uas cov teeb meem no hu ua "xaiv yam khoom plig." Qhov kev pauv no tau ua rau pom tseeb hais tias cov menyuam uas muaj qhov txawv txav tsis zoo yog tsis xaiv los ua twj ywm, tiam sis tsis ntshai hais lus.
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm tus cwj pwm (selective mutism) yog ib qho kev tsis sib thooj hais txog kev sib tham hauv tej lub sijhawm uas muaj kev cia siab ntawm kev hais lus (piv txwv li, tsev kawm ntawv), txawm hais lwm yam.
Cov tsos mob ntawm tus yam ntxwv zoo yuav tsum muaj tshwm sim rau ib lub hlis, thiab tsis yog thawj lub hlis ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv.
Koj tus me nyuam yuav tsum to taub cov lus hais thiab muaj peev xwm hais tau lus qee lub sijhawm (feem ntau hauv tsev nrog cov neeg paub zoo).
Thaum kawg, tsis muaj kev hais lus yuav tsum cuam tshuam nrog koj tus menyuam txoj kev kawm lossis kev ua haujlwm.
Cov menyuam yaus uas tsis tuaj yeem hais lus tsis ntev tom qab nkag rau hauv ib lub teb chaws los yog muaj kev puas tsuaj yuav tsis raug tshawb nrhiav qhov txawv txav.
Cov tsos mob
Yog tias koj ntseeg tau tias koj tus menyuam yuav muaj kev puas hlwb ntawm qhov muag, nrhiav cov nram qab no:
- Shyness, ntshai tib neeg thiab tsis kam hais lus nruab nrab ntawm ob thiab plaub xyoos
- Tsis muaj peev xwm hais lus hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab lwm yam kev sib raug zoo
- Siv cov kev sib txuas lus ntawm kev tsis sib txuas lus los qhia cov kev xav tau (suav lub taub hau, cov ntsiab lus)
- Kev qhia ntawm lub siab xav hais lus uas tau tuav tseg los ntawm kev ntxhov siab, kev ntshai lossis kev txaj muag
- Hais lus yooj yim nyob rau hauv qee zaus (xws li, hauv tsev los yog nrog cov neeg paub txog), tab sis tsis yog lwm tus
- Fidgeting, qhov muag tiv thaiv, tsis muaj kev txav los yog tsis muaj kev qhia thaum ntshai tsam muaj teeb meem
Ua rau
Nws yog ib zaug ntseeg hais tias kev xaiv qhov kev puas siab ntsws yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsim txom thaum yau, kev mob kev nkeeg, los yog kev tu ncua. Kev tshawb nrhiav tam sim no qhia tias qhov teeb meem no muaj feem xyuam rau kev ntxhov siab vim kev ntxhov siab heev thiab qhov kev ntsuas tseem yuav yog. Zoo li txhua yam kev puas siab puas ntsws, nws tsis zoo li tias muaj ib qho ua rau.
Kev kho mob
Xaiv qhov kev puas siab ntsws yog feem ntau txais kev kho mob thaum nws raug ntes thaum ntxov. Yog tias koj tus menyuam tsis nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv li ob lub hlis lossis ntev dua, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau kho sai sai.
Thaum qhov tsis tsim nyog tau ua ntej ntxov, nws muaj kev pheej hmoo tias koj tus me nyuam yuav siv los tsis hais lus-tias kev ua twj ywm yuav ua ib txoj kev ntawm lub neej thiab qhov nyuaj nyuaj hloov.
Ib qho kev kho mob rau kev xaiv yam ntxwv yog kev siv cov kev pab tswj cwj pwm.
Cov kev pabcuam zoo li no muaj xws li kev thev naus laus zis thiab kev txhawb zog, siv ob lub tsev thiab tom tsev kawm ntawv los ntawm kev saib xyuas ntawm ib tus kws paub txog kev puas siab ntsws.
Cov xib fwb muaj peev xwm qee zaum ua rau npau taws los yog npau taws rau cov me nyuam uas tsis hais lus. Koj tuaj yeem pab ua kom paub tseeb tias koj tus menyuam tus kws qhia ntawv paub tias tus cwj pwm tsis yog txhob txwm ua. Ua ke koj yuav tsum txhawb koj tus me nyuam thiab qhuas txog kev qhuas thiab kev zoo siab rau kev coj tus cwj pwm zoo.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hais lus zoo rau kev hais lus yog qhov zoo tshaj, punishing silence tsis yog. Yog tias koj tus me nyuam ntshai hais lus, nws yuav tsis kov yeej kev ntshai ntawm kev ntshai los yog kev rau txim.
Kev kho kuj yuav tsim nyog, tshwj xeeb yog thaum mob hnyav lossis mob ntev, los yog thaum lwm txoj kev tsis muaj kev txhim kho. Kev xaiv seb puas yuav siv cov tshuaj noj yuav tsum tau ua hauv kev sib tham nrog ib tus kws kho mob uas tau muaj kev qhia txog kev ntxhov siab rau cov me nyuam.
Feem ntau, muaj kev zoo rau kev tsis pom zoo no. Tshwj tsis yog muaj lwm qhov teebmeem rau kev xaiv qhov kev puas siab ntsws, feem ntau yog cov menyuam yaus ua haujlwm zoo rau lwm qhov thiab tsis tas yuav mus kawm rau cov hoob tshwj xeeb.
Txawm hais tias nws muaj peev xwm rau txoj kev tsis zoo no mus txuas ntxiv rau cov neeg laus, nws muaj tsawg thiab feem ntau yuav muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev ntxhov siab .
Qhov chaw:
Mental Association Association. (2013). Diagnostic thiab daim ntawv qhia ntawm phau ntawv mob hlwb (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Sau.
Freeman JB, Garcia AM, Miller LM, Dow SP, Leonard HL. Selective Mutism. Hauv: Morris TL, March JS, eds. Kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv Cov Me Nyuam thiab Cov Hluas. New York: Guilford; 2004.
Selective Mutism Foundation. To taub xaiv Mutism.