Ammonia yog ib qho tshuaj lom, tsis muaj kob uas muaj roj tsw qab. Ammonia tshwm sim ib txwm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam thiab kuj yog ib yam khoom ntawm tib neeg kev ua ub no.
Yuav siv Ammonia li cas
Ammonia tebchaw muaj feem ntau siv los ntxuav cov khoom thiab chiv.
Ammonia kuj yog siv los txhawb cov khoom ntawm nicotine hauv cov luam yeeb.
Nyob hauv Minnesota Landmark Tracco Trial ntawm 1998, ntau qhov tseeb hais txog cov tuam txhab luam yeeb tau siv cov khoom siv luam yeeb li cas rau kev ceev thiab ua kom cov nicotine ntxiv rau cov neeg tau txais kev pab.
Ntawm lawv yog qhov kev tshawb pom txog vim li cas qhov kev lag luam luam yeeb yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg siv loj tshaj plaws ntawm ammonia hauv Tebchaws Meskas.
Nws pib nrog Low-Tar luam yeeb
Low-tar luam yeeb tau muab tso ua ib "kev haus luam yeeb" ntau tom qab tau sib txuas los ntawm kev haus luam yeeb thiab cancer hauv lub lig 50s. Cov lim dej tau ntxiv raws li ib txoj kev los caum cov zais, thiab cov qhov me me nyob hauv lub lim tau txhais los ua rau tus neeg haus luam yeeb nkag mus rau hauv cov ntsws.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws tshwm sim los ntawm cov qes cov ntsiab lus tseem txo qis tus nqi nicotine rau cov neeg haus luam yeeb. Cov neeg lag luam luam yeeb hu ua nws tsis muaj "kev haus luam yeeb siab," tab sis qhov tseeb yog qhov tsawg dua nicotine yuav txhais tau tias tsawg dua cov neeg quav yeeb quav tshuaj. Uas yog counter-producive rau ib txoj kev lag luam uas tso siab rau kev tiv thaiv nicotine kom loj hlob thiab tuav nws cov neeg hauv paus.
Cov neeg tshawb nrhiav cov neeg luam yeeb pib tshawb nrhiav cov kev txhawb nqa cov nicotine hauv cov luam yeeb rau cov neeg haus luam yeeb. Nws hloov tawm hauv ammonia yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo ua kom tiav qhov ntawd.
Ob hom ntawm Nicotine
Nicotine molecules muaj nyob rau hauv ob hom, kua qoob loo thiab khij (dawb). Hauv cov pa luam yeeb, dawb nicotine molecules vaporize yooj yim dua cov nicotine molecules. Thaum nicotine vaporizes mus rau hauv nkev, nws sai absorbed los ntawm lub ntsws thiab muab faib thoob plaws hauv lub cev.
Cov neeg lag luam luam yeeb tau pom tias cov tshuaj ammonia tau ntxiv rau txoj kev tsim yeeb yam pab tau hloov cov nicotine molecules nyob hauv cov pa luam yeeb rau hauv cov nicotine molecules dawb los ntawm lawv cov pH.
Txoj kev no yog hu ua "freebasing." Zoo sib xws rau cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm pub dawb, qhov kawg tshwm sim yog ib qho kev kho kom zoo ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm tus neeg siv.
Ib yam li ntawd, cov tuam txhab luam yeeb txo qis ntau npaum li cas hauv cov luam yeeb thiaj li ua kom muaj alkalinity thiab ntau npaum li cov dawb nicotine molecules nyob rau hauv cov pa luam yeeb.
Tus kws tshaj lij ntawm xeev Minnesota Tobacco Trial tau muab los ntawm Channing Robertson, tus xib fwb ntawm kev tsim kho hluav taws xob hauv Stanford University.
Raws li Mr. Robertson, zoo rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm hauv tub luam tau qhia tias xyoo 1965, cov kws tshawb fawb hauv RJ Reynolds sim ua kom nkag siab tias vim li cas Philip Morris 'Marlboro hom yog nrov dua lawv cov Winston brand.
Lawv pom tias Philip Morris siv ammonia hauv Marlboro luam yeeb, thiab thaum RJ Reynolds ua raws li hauv lub xyoo 1970 los ntawm ntxiv Ammonia rau Winston luam yeeb, lawv kuj, pib tau av nrog cov neeg tau txais kev pab.
Ntawm 1989, raws li cov ntaub ntawv luam yeeb, ua ke ntawm 10 lab phaus ntawm ammonia tebchaw tau siv txhua xyoo los ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim cov luam yeeb.
Lwm cov kev tshawb xyuas Nicotine
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tshawb nrhiav txoj kev los mus nce lub nicotine hauv cov nroj tsuag luam yeeb. Xib fwb Robertson tau ua tim khawv tias Brown thiab Williamson Tobacco Corporation tau tsim cov noob qoob loo uas tau muab cov qaub ncaug ob npaug ntawm cov nicotine.
"Y-1" raws li nws tau hu ua cov ntaub ntawv hauv tuam txhab tau siv hauv cov luam yeeb muag muag hauv xeev.
Thiab cov neeg nyob hauv cov ntxaij lim dej txhais tau tias yuav tsum haus cov pa luam yeeb thiab kev mus rau hauv lub ntsws lub ntsws? Ib cov ntawv luam yeeb tau qhia tias cov qhov hauv siab tau tsa cov pa pH li, ntxiv cov nicotine xa mus rau cov neeg haus luam yeeb.
Nws yog Tag Nrho Cov Neeg Txaus Siab ... Txoj cai?
Kev Luam Yeeb Loj loj tuav tswj nicotine kick haus luam yeeb tau txais thaum siv teeb taws los ntawm kev siv ammonia hauv kev ua luam yeeb yog tsuas yog ua kom muaj kev "haus luam yeeb txaus siab dua."
Ib tug yuav qhia ntau ntxiv txog kev pub nicotine nrog ammonia ua tus neeg ntxias kom txhob haus luam yeeb, thiab muab txoj kev sai rau kev quav tshuaj yeeb rau cov neeg tshiab.
Cia peb fim nws. Kev haus luam yeeb yog kev siab phem hauv nws txoj kev nrhiav kev tau txais thiab khaws cov neeg siv khoom. Lawv txaus siab ua txhua yam uas nws yuav tsum siv kom muaj kev haus luam yeeb vim tias nws tsis yog kev tiv thaiv, tsis muaj leej twg haus luam yeeb.
Xav paub ntau ntxiv ntawm cov Tshuaj hauv cov Cigarettes
Txog hnub tim, kev tshawb fawb pom tau hais tias muaj tshaj li 7,000 tshuaj lom hauv cov pa luam yeeb, nrog rau kev tshaj li ntawm 250 qhov tshuaj lom thiab 70 cov kab mob carcinogenic.
- Lwm Yam Tshuaj hauv Cov Khoom Haus Luam Yeeb
Yog tias koj tseem haus luam yeeb, sau qee yam khoom siv , teem sijhawm , thiab pib nrog kev haus luam yeeb tawm . Koj yuav tsis khauv xim nws.
Qhov chaw:
Ammonia Kho Mob ntawm Tobacco. Cov Ntaub Ntawv Luam Yeeb Hauv Tshuab.
ToxFAQs ™: Ammonia. Lub Cuaj Hlis, 2004. Lub Chaw Khiav Dej Num Rau Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv thiab Tshuaj Txhaum.
Txoj Kev Xam Phaj ntawm Channing R. Robertson, Ph.D, Lub Ob Hlis 3rd, 1998. Minnesota v. Philip Morris, Inc.