Cov Tswv Yim rau Kev Txhim Kho Kev Nyeem Ntawv thiab Rov Qab Sijhawm
Kev nkag siab nyeem ntawv qee zaum kuj yog ib qho nyuaj rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv uas muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev tsis haum xeeb (ADHD) . Yuav kom paub nyeem cov ntaub ntawv, tus tub ntxhais kawm yuav tsum muaj peev xwm paub txog thiab txiav txim siab cov lus thiab nrog nraim thiab kev ua haujlwm. Kev nkag siab nyeem ntawv yuav tsum muaj peev xwm los siv ua haujlwm nco thiab txheej txheem ua haujlwm kom sai thiab raws sij hawm.
Vim hais tias cov me nyuam nrog ADHD muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov cheeb tsam no, nyeem ntawv yuav nyuaj. Luckily muaj cov tswv yim no cov menyuam kawm ntawv siv los txhim kho lawv cov kev paub nyeem ntawv.
Taw Qhia Cov Me Nyuam Nrog ADHD rau Cov Tshaj Lij Paj Tshaj Siab
Muaj ib tug me nyuam nrog ADHD uas nws tsis paub nyeem ntawv zoo? Sim muab cov ntaub ntawv xws li cov menyuam yaus txog cov ntsiab lus uas lawv nyiam. Yog tias tus tub ntxhais kawm nyiam tsheb ciav hlau, piv txwv, kom tus menyuam nyeem phau ntawv txog lub ncauj lus. Muab cov phau ntawv qhia txog cov ncauj lus uas lawv nyiam ua tau pab lawv ua haujlwm zoo dua qub txog qhov lawv tau nyeem. Thaum kawm ntawv, qhia tus tub ntxhais kawm txog ntau yam tswv yim nyeem ntawv, nrog rau kev ua tus nyeem ntawv zoo. Cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv uas muaj ADHD yuav muaj sij hawm yooj yim dua txog kev nyeem cov ntawv nyeem uas zoo siab, kev txhawb zog siab thiab ntev ntev.
Pab Cov Tub Ntxhais Kawm Ntawv Nrog ADHD Tseem Ceeb Rau
Tsawg dua nrawm nrawm rau lub sijhawm nyeem ntawv. Qee cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv nyeem ntawv zoo dua nyob rau hauv cov chaw ntsiag to, tab sis lwm cov nyiam cov suab nrov nrov, xws li suab paj nruag los suab paj nruag, thaum nyeem ntawv.
Cia tus menyuam kawm ntawv los nyeem cov sijhawm ntawm lub sijhawm, siv sijhawm so mus ncig thiab rov hais dua. Qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm kom paub siv phau ntawv cim tseg kom lawv nyob rau sab. Xaub cov ntawv sau rau hauv nplooj ntawv ib kab ib zaug. Thaum nyeem daim zaj lus ntev, pab cov menyuam kawm ntawv nyeem cov ntawv nyeem ua cov ntawv luv luv kom nws tsis yooj yim li.
Siv Cov Tswv Yim Yam Xyuam Xyuam Siv Los Siv
Qhia txog cov tswv yim nyeem ntawv zoo li qis thiab cim tseg. Npaj cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv nrog ob qho xaum qhuav thiab xim muaj xim, cov npog xim thiab cov pov thawj, thiab cov ntawv sau tom qab. Siv ntau yam xim rau qhov tseem ceeb los yog cov ntsiab lus. Siv cov cwj mem los kos cim, lub hnub qub, lub voj voog, thiab lwm yam. (Yog hais tias tus menyuam tsis tuaj yeem sau ntawv hauv phau ntawv, nws muaj ib qho kev xaiv rau niam txiv los yuav daim ntawv thib ob ntawm phau ntawv kom tus menyuam tuaj yeem nthuav qhia cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. kev xaiv yog muab luam tawm ntawm cov khoom.) Siv tom qab-nws-cov lus cim rau cov ntsiab lus kom nco qab. Taug kev rau tus menyuam kawm ntawv los ntawm cov txheej txheem no, piav qhia thiab qauv tswv yim, qhia txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ua ke. Tseem yuav muab qhov kev coj ua no coj los pab rau tus menyuam kawm ntawv kom txawj ntse nrog qhov kev nyeem "active learning" thiab lwm tus.
Cov Qauv Saib Ua Ntej los Txhim Kho Kev Nyeem Ntawv Kev Nkag Siab
Saib ua ntej nrog tus tub ntxhais kawm. Sau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv los nyeem hauv tib kab li nws tshwm nyob rau hauv cov vaj huam sib luag. Ua ntej tus tub ntxhais kawm pib nyeem ib zaj, taug kev los ntawm ntau lub tswv yim los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas lub npe ntawm kev nyeem xaiv, cov tsiaj ntawv, cov duab kos, kos npe los yog cov ntawv txiav nws cov lus , cov kev taw qhia, thiab cov lus nug.
Tham txog seb cov ntaub ntawv nyeem tau zoo li cas.
Qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm txog yuav ua li cas nrhiav cov nqe lus pib thiab cov ntsiab lus xaus. Siv cov ntawv dab neeg los pab cov tub ntxhais kawm paub thiab npaj lub ntsiab ntawm cov khoom nyeem ntawv. Tshawb xyuas thiab muab cov lus txhais rau txhua lo lus tshiab uas yuav nrhiav tau hauv cov ntawv nyeem.
Qhia Cov Me Nyuam Cia Nyeem Ntawv Nrov
Qhia tus tub ntxhais kawm seb yuav ua li cas thaum nyeem ntawv. Hauv kev sib thooj rau kev nyeem tsis tau ntawv, subvocalizing txhais tau hais tias cov lus koj nyeem nyeem nrov nrov tab sis heev softly. Lwm tus yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov cov menyuam nyeem ntawv. Kev nyeem ntawv nrov nrov yog ib qho tswv yim zoo los pab txhais lus, tab sis rau qee cov tub ntxhais kawm nws yuav ua rau kev nyeem ntawv tsawg dua thiab muaj kev ntxhov siab.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev nyeem twj ywm tsis yoojyim rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj teeb meem. Cov lus qhia uas lawv tau txais los ntawm subvocalising feem ntau pab cov menyuam kawm ntawv tsom rau cov ntawv nyeem.
Muab Kev Pom Kev Siv Los
Qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm cov tswv yim los soj ntsuam seb lawv to taub zoo li cas lawv nyeem ntawv. Xyaum tawm cov ntsiab lus thiab sau cov lus, sau cov lus nug txog cov khoom thaum nyeem ntawv, txiav txim siab txog yam yuav tshwm sim tom ntej, thiab rov qab hais kom zoo dua. Tus xib fwb txawj siv tus qauv no los ntawm kev nyeem ntawv nrov nrov rau cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab nres ntawm ntau cov ntsiab lus hauv cov ntawv nyeem los tawm tswv yim txog cov txheej txheem kev xav ntawm kev nyeem ntawv kev nkag siab. Thaum cov tub ntxhais kawm nyeem cov ntaub ntawv, lawv yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv kaw suab kom piav qhia cov txheej txheem nrog kev pabcuam los ntawm tus xib fwb.
Lwm lub tswv yim yog rau tus xib fwb los pab tus tub kawm ntawv yaum cov tswv yim tseem ceeb. Kom tus tub ntxhais kawm nyeem cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau hauv lub kaw suab, ua yeeb yaj kiab, thiab tham txog cov tswv yim no. Qee cov tub ntxhais kawm tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv, kev qhia cov ntsiab lus, kev kos duab thiab cov duab kom rov nco thiab to taub ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv cov zaj.
Muab sijhawm rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv nyeem dua
Cia tus menyuam kawm ntawv ncua sijhawm rau kev nyeem ntawv. Muaj ntau tus menyuam kawm ntawv nrog ADHD uas muaj teebmeem hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab qeeb qeeb ntawm kev ua cov ntaub ntawv tau txais txiaj ntsim los ntawm lwm lub sijhawm los nyeem thiab nkag siab cov ntaub ntawv. Lub sijhawm txuas ntxiv no yuav ua rau tus tub kawm ntawv muaj lub sijhawm zoo los ua cov txheej txheem. Muaj ntau lub sijhawm, lawv tuaj yeem tig rov qab los qhia yam tsis meej pem thiab rov nyeem cov ntawv nyeem kom zoo dua.
Source:
Thomas E. Brown, Philipp C. Reichel, Donald M. Quinlan; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine. "Cov sijhawm txuas ntxiv yuav pab txhawb kev nyeem ntawv cov kev ntsuas kev nkag siab rau cov tub ntxhais hluas nrog ADHD" Qhib Cov Ntawv Tshaj Lawm ntawm Psychiatry; 1, 79-87, Lub Kaum Hlis 2011.
Mel Levine, Kev Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm Ntawv: Lub Hauv Paus rau Kev Nkag Siab thiab Kev Pabcuam Cov Menyuam Muaj Qhov Sib Txawv hauv Tsev thiab Tsev Kawm Ntawv. Educators Publishing Service, 2001.
Sydney S. Zentall, ADHD hauv kev kawm ntawv: Foundations, Characteristics, Methods, thiab Collaboration. Tus Neeg Kawm Ntawv, Inc. 2006.