APA hom tsim muaj ntau cov cai tswj kom paub sau cov haujlwm siv cov ntaub ntawv sau cia. Yuav ua li cas koj siv ntau qhov sib txawv nws nyob ntawm seb tus lej ntawm cov sau phau ntawv mus rau qhov twg. Piv txwv, txoj kev uas koj siv tus kws sau ntawv yuav txawv me ntsis los ntawm qhov koj siv qhov chaw muaj ntau tus neeg sau ntawv.
Ua ntej koj tsim ib qho kev siv rau ib daim ntawv sau paj hlwb, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum paub seb yuav ua li cas thiaj li sau cov phau ntawv, cov khoom, thiab lwm qhov chaw hauv APA.
Cov txheej txheem hauv qab no tuaj yeem pab koj npaj ib qho kev qhia rau koj daim ntawv APA .
APA Reference for No Author
Cov khoom thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm uas tsis muab ib qho kev tso cai ntawm tus tsim yuav tsum pib nrog lub npe ntawm txoj haujlwm. Yog hais tias lub npe yog phau ntawv, sau lub npe ua ntej hauv ntawv qaij. Cov ntim tooj thiab nplooj ntawv yuav tsum ua raws li cov ntawv xov xwm, thaum phau ntawv lub npe yuav tsum ua raws li qhov chaw thiab publisher lub npe.
Piv txwv li:
Tus menyuam kawm ntawv phau ntawv qhia txog APA. (1997). Psychology Lub lim tiam, 8, 13-27.
thiab
Qhov kawg APA hom ntawv qhia. (2006). Hartford, CT: Tus Neeg Kawm Ntawv Xovxwm.
APA Reference rau tus sau tib leeg
Tej hauj lwm los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv yuav tsum sau tus neeg sau lub npe thiab lub npe. Hnub ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm yuav tsum muab xa nrog daim ntawv xaj thiab ua raws li lub npe ntawm tsab xov xwm los yog phau ntawv. Cov phau ntawv thiab cov phau ntawv txhua hnub yuav tsum tau muab teev tseg rau hauv phau ntawv sau npe. Cov ntim tooj thiab nplooj ntawv xov xwm hauv tsab xov xwm yuav tsum ua raws li phau ntawv sau npe, thaum phau ntawv lub npe yuav tsum ua raws li qhov chaw thiab lub npe ntawm tus neeg luam ntawv.
Piv txwv li:
McCrae, RR (1993). Moderated analyzes ntawm longitudinal tus kheej stability. Phau Ntawv Cim Pwm thiab Kev Psychology, 65, 577-585.
thiab
Bandura, A. (1977). Kev kawm kev tshawb fawb. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Cov lus qhia APA rau ob tug neeg sau ntawv
Tej hauj lwm los ntawm ob tug neeg sau npe yuav tsum sau lub npe thiab lub npe thawj zaug cais los ntawm ib qho kev sib tw (&).
Cov npe no yuav tsum ua raws li hnub tim uas luam tawm hauv kab hauv kab. Yog tias txoj haujlwm yog ib tsab xov xwm sau txog, lub npe ntawm tsab xov xwm yuav tsum ua raws li daim ntawv tshaj tawm. Tom ntej no, lub npe ntawm phau ntawv los yog phau ntawv sau cia yuav tsum tau muab teev rau hauv ntawv tshaj tawm. Yog hais tias qhov siv yog ib phau ntawv sau tso cai, muab qhov ntim ntawm tus lej thiab nplooj ntawv. Rau cov phau ntawv, sau qhov chaw thiab lub npe ntawm tus neeg tshaj tawm.
Piv txwv li:
Kanfer, FH, & Busemeyer, JR (1982). Kev siv daws teeb meem thiab kev txiav txim siab hauv kev coj cwj pwm . Soj Ntsuam Psychology Ntsuam Xyuas, 2, 239-266.
thiab
Buss, AH, & Pomin, R. (1975). Kev coj ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm kom zoo . Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Peb mus rau Xya Cov Neeg Sau Ntawv
Tej hauj lwm los ntawm peb mus rau xya sau phau ntawv yuav tsum sau cov npe thiab lub npe thawj zaug ntawm txhua tus neeg sau los ntawm ib tug neeg txawv teb chaw. Cov npe sau npe yuav tsum tau ua raws li hnub ntawm cov ntawv sau rau hauv kab ntawv.
Yog tias txoj haujlwm yog ib tsab xov xwm sau tseg, suav nrog lub npe ntawm tsab xov xwm tam sim ntawd tom qab ntawv tshaj tawm. Lub npe ntawm phau ntawv los yog phau ntawv sau tseg yuav tsum tau muab teev tseg rau hauv ntawv tshaj tawm. Yog hais tias qhov siv yog ib phau ntawv sau tso cai, muab qhov ntim ntawm tus lej thiab nplooj ntawv. Rau cov phau ntawv, sau qhov chaw thiab lub npe ntawm tus neeg tshaj tawm.
Piv txwv li:
Abma, JC, Chandra, A., Mosher, WD, Peterson, LS, & Piccinino, LJ (1997). Fertility, family planning, thiab poj niam txoj kev noj qab haus huv: Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab los ntawm xyoo 1995 National Survey of Family Development. Kev Txiav Txim Siab thiab Kev Kho Mob, 23 (9), 1-67.
thiab
Alper, S., Schloss, PJ, Etscheidt, SK, & Macfarlane, CA (1995). Kev Sau: Puas yog peb tso tseg lossis pab cov menyuam kawm ntawv? Txhiab Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Cov Lus Qhia APA Rau Ntau Tshaj Lij Cov Ntawv Sau Npe
Thaum ib txoj haujlwm tau muab xa mus rau ntau tshaj xya tus neeg sau npe, qhov kev qhia no tau muab teev tseg los ntawm muab cov npe ntawm thawj tus kws sau ntawv tom qab ntawd . . . thiab tom qab ntawd tus sau kawg.
Qhov seem ntawm qhov kev siv ua raws li qhov qub tib yam li ntawd rau xya lossis tsawg dua tus neeg sau phau ntawv.
Sau cov xeem lub npe thiab lub npe yog ua raws li hnub ntawm cov ntawv xa tuaj rau hauv kab ntawv. Lub npe ntawm tsab xov xwm tau sau tseg tam sim tom qab ntawv tshaj tawm. Lub npe ntawm phau ntawv journal lossis phau ntawv lub npe yuav tsum tau muab rau hauv phau ntawv kawm. Tus lej naj npawb thiab nplooj ntawv yuav tsum ua raws cov phau ntawv sau npe, thaum phau ntawv lub npe yuav tsum ua raws li qhov chaw thiab tus neeg sau npe.
Piv txwv li:
Dub, CP, Arlo, ST, Rechit, R., Machlen, JP, Sempson, K., Ntiv, AL,. . . Smith, RK (1999). Sau ntawv xya lossis ntau dua ntawm cov sau phau ntawv APA. Phau ntawv Journal of APA Style thiab Hom Ntawv, 17 , 45-75.
thiab
Dub, CP, Arlo, ST, Rechit, R., Machlen, JP, Sempson, K., Ntiv, AL,. . . Clark, SP (2001). APA hom ntawv rau cov tub ntxhais kawm kev xav . Newark, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog ob peb yam sib nrauj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv APA: