Kev sib tw qus hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab hauv Tebchaws Meskas yog nqus cov dej cacao hmoov, siv los ua cov qhob noom xim kasfes, nrog rau noj cov tshuaj cacao thiab haus dej haus cacao-haus dej haus rau lawv qhov tseeb "ntuj highs."
Tsis zoo li phenycylidine (PCP lossis angel plua plav), MDMA (ecstasy los yog Molly) thiab cocaine, cacao tsis yog tshuaj yeeb tshuaj los ntawm tsoomfwv Meskas; Ua lwm yam lus, sniffing cacao tsis txhaum cai.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, tsuas yog kev tawg thiab kev tshawb xyuas ntawm cov kev mob paj hlwb thiab cov qhob noom xim kasfes.
Nyob hauv ib qho kev sim rau contextualize cov khees highs muab tau los ntawm cacao, cia tus xyuas kom meej saib dab tsi cacao muaj li ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb sim piav qhia txog nws cov teebmeem, vis-à-vis chocolate, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus paj hlwb.
Muaj pes tsawg leeg
Lub cacao taum muaj ntau tshaj 50 feem pua rog. Lwm yam khoom ntawm cacao muaj protein ntau thiab lwm cov khoom muaj nitrogen, xws li theobromines thiab caffeine. Ntawm 20 thiab 25 feem pua ntawm cov cacao taum yog qab zib lossis carbohydrates.
Raws li cov txiv neej noj qab haus huv paub, cacao yog nplua nuj hauv antioxidants, xws li flavonoids xws li epicatechin thiab catechin. Thaum lub cacao taum yog ua rau cocoa hmoov thiab chocolate los ntawm txoj kev fermentation thiab roasting, nws loses ntau ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus antioxidant.
Cacao muaj ntau yam sib txuas nrog lwm cov tebchaw nrog tej yam biologic thiab psychoactive xws li:
- Phylethylamine
- Serotonin
- Tryptophan
- Triptamine
- Tyramine
- Tyrosine
- Anandamide
- Salsolinol
- Tetrahydro-b-carbolines
Muaj ntau qhov kev sib txuas ntawm lub cev yog metabolized los ntawm lub cev ua ntej lawv tau ua rau nws. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, biologic amines serotonin, tryptophan, phenylethylamine, tyramine, tyrosine, thiab tryptamine yog tawg los ntawm monoamine oxidases nyob rau hauv ob lub raum, siab, thiab hnyuv.
(Cov neeg uas tsis muaj zog nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj oxoam yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj chocolate thiaj li tsis mob taub hau thiab ntshav siab.)
Muaj peev xwm ua tau
Nws yog lub ncav hu ua cacao los yog chocolate siv tshuaj. Txawm li cas los, vim hais tias chocolate cravings yog me ntsis zoo ib yam li cov tsos mob ntawm cov quav tshuaj yeeb dej caw, qee cov neeg tshawb nrhiav tau raug tshoov siab kom kuaj xyuas cov khoom tsim los ntawm chocolate hauv lub hlwb.
Anandamine tebchaw. Ob qho analogues ntawm anandamine muaj nyob hauv chocolate. Cov kab no zoo ib yam li cov cannabanoids (marijuana) thiab yuav ua rau yus zoo siab. Hloov qhov ncaj qha ua rau kev zoo siab, txawm li cas los xij, cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov anandamine siv zog ntau dua los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov kev ua txhaum ntawm kev cog qoob loo uas tau tsim tawm hauv lub cev.
Serotonin teebmeem. Serotonin moderates ib pawg ntawm kev ua muaj sia nyob hauv lub cev, nrog rau kev pw tsaug zog, kev tswj tus kheej, thiab kev ntshaw. Tau ntev, kws qhia tau pom tias serotonin txuas zaub mov khoom noj thiab xav li cas thiab kev yees duab rau cov qhob noom xim kasfes thiab carbohydrates ua cas tsis zoo rau serotonin tsis raug-tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg uas muaj kev nyuaj siab.
Qhov tseeb, cov kev tshawb fawb txog cov tib neeg uas muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws raws caij nyoog thiab atypical muaj kev nyuaj siab txhawb nqa qhov kev xav no.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhob noom xim qhob noom (chocolate craving) ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab txog kev nyuab siab yog feem ntau obviously undercut los ntawm qhov tseeb tias muaj coob tus neeg nrog melancholic kev nyuaj siab tsis txhob noj khoom noj txhua.
Lwm qhov laj thawj uas pom tias chocolate noj yog txuas rau serotonin thiab zoo siab tuaj yeem yuav tau ua nrog cov kev tshawb fawb pom tias serotonin ntau ntau yog tsa ceg tom qab noj cov khoom noj uas muaj tsawg dua li ob feem protein; calorically, chocolate yog tsib feem protein.
Kev tshawb nrhiav kuj qhia tau hais tias cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm chocolate thiab carbohydrates tshwm sim ntawm nws tus kheej ntawm serotonin, tawm tswv yim tias cov kev pab cuam mus ob peb vas yog ntau txoj hauv kev tshaj li tau piav qhia los ntawm serotonin ib leeg.
Opioid teebmeem . Cov neeg uas nyob rau hauv heroin thiab lwm cov opioids feem ntau xav tias khoom qab zib zoo li chocolate. Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm lub xeev xws li cev xeeb tub, poj niam cev xeeb tub, haus dej cawv, thiab kev noj zaub mov muaj kev noj qab haus huv, kuj pauv hloov, los sis kev xav, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau hauv lub cev. Cov koom haum no tau coj cov kws qhia tawm tswv yim hais tias cov tshuaj opioids thiab chocolate muaj txuam rau hauv ib txoj kev.
Kev tshawb nrhiav nyhav txhawb qhov kev pom zoo no. Tshwj xeeb, endorphins, uas yog opioids, raug tso tawm tom qab noj cov khoom noj qab ntsev xws li chocolate. Ntxiv mus, kev tso tawm xws li kev noj qab haus huv tom qab noj mov qhob noom xim kasfes los yog lwm yam uas yog qab zib thiab palatable tshwm los ua qhov muag , lossis qhov mob nyem, thiab txoj siab nyob siab.
Piv txwv, cov me nyuam mos tau txais kev txiav txim zoo li raug mob nyem tom qab noj tshuaj ntawm sucrose, los yog qab zib, tov. Tshaj li, cov txiaj ntsim zoo ntawm cov khoom qab zib xws li cov kua qab zib thiab chocolate tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm naltrexone, tus opioid antagonist uas tau muab rau cov neeg uas muaj kev ua rau heroin opioid.
Catechin thiab epicatechin. Flavonoids catechin thiab epicatechin tam sim no hauv cacao sai ua lawv txoj kev rau kev tom qab noj cov chocolate. Txuas ntxiv, raws li kev tshawb fawb tsiaj, epicatechin thiab catechin hla cov ntshav-hlwb barrier thiab nquag hauv lub hlwb. Qhov no txuam nrog cov flavonoids tej zaum yuav siv cov kev paub zoo los cuam tshuam.
Kab mob ntshav qab zib . Hauv kev txiav txim rau peb lub hlwb kom ua haujlwm zoo, peb yuav tsum tau muaj cov kab mob zoo nphav raug cov ntshav los yog kev sib txig. Kev txheeb lub hauv plab yog tsim nyog kom muab khoom qab zib rau lub hlwb thiab tshem cov khoom pov tseg.
Kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias cacao, wine, txiv quav ntswv nyoos, txiv lws suav, thiab kua yog cov roj hmab nplua nuj ntawm cov roj hmab nplua nuj uas ua rau lub hlwb cov hlab ntsha thiab ua kom lub hlwb muaj zog. Cov teebmeem ntawm lub hlwb no tuaj yeem piav qhia txog kev txhawb zog, kev mloog, kev xav, kev nco, kev pom kev ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam kev paub thiab paj hlwb zoo ntawm cov cacao.
Interestingly, flavonoids nyob hauv cacao kuj tseem yuav txo qis qij endothelial senescence rau cov neeg uas noj nws, suggesting los tiv thaiv kev laus. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, chocolate yuav pab ua kom koj lub hlwb yau dua! Flavonoids kuj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv neurons los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm neurotoxins, txo cov kev mob ntawm cov neurons, thiab txhim kho kev kawm, kev nco, thiab kev txawj ntse.
Cov teebmeem Dopamine . Cov neeg tsis noj mov feem ntau kom los siav muaj zog txaus tab sis yog noj ntau tshaj plaws rau kev lom zem. Yog tias koj tau noj khoom qab zib tom lub tsev noj mov tom qab koj tus kheej noj mov thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, koj yuav pom zoo.
Tsuas yog benzodiazepines , qhov mesolimbic dopaminergic system yog kev cuam tshuam rau kev noj haus ntawm txhua txoj kev siv yeeb siv tshuaj. Kev haus cacao thiab chocolate tej zaum kuj qhib lub cev lub dopamine receptors. Qhov kev ua kom muaj no yuav tsis meej meej rau chocolate thiab ua rau noj lwm yam khoom noj, thiab.
Qhov Txuas Ntawm Chocolate & Niam Txiv
Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav kev tshawb nrhiav los ntawm Australian National Health thiab Medical Research Council thiab nyiaj pab los ntawm Pfizer, Cov kws tshawb nrhiav cov neeg tshawb xyuas tshawb xyuas cov qhob noom xim rau cov neeg uas muaj kev nyuaj siab, atypical kev nyuab siab, thiab kev muaj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo. H uv ib qho , lossis noj zaub mov ntau, yog ib yam kabmob ua rau cov neeg muaj kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv.
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau soj ntsuam cov lus teb hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv teb chaws los ntawm 2692 cov neeg koom nrog cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev nyuab siab, kev xav, kev kho mob ntawm kev nyuaj siab, kev tsim kho tus kheej, thiab seb puas muaj chocolate chiv thaum muaj kev nyuaj siab.
Tag nrho cov neeg teb kev tshawb fawb tau ntau tshaj 18 xyoo, nrog rau qhov nruab nrab hnub nyoog 40 xyoo. Cov neeg tshawb nrhiav tau pom txog cov mob tshwm sim rau ob los yog ntau lub lim tiam. Kwv yees li ntawm 71 feem pua ntawm cov neeg teb cov lus nug yog cov poj niam, 74 feem pua tau tshuaj noj tshuaj antidepressant yav dhau los, thiab 78 feem pua tau txais kev pab tswv yim los yog lwm cov kev kho mob hlwb.
Ntawm cov neeg teb cov lus nug, 54 feem pua tau tshaj tawm txog kev noj zaub mov, nrog 45 feem pua uas tau siv cov qhob noom xim kasfes tshwj xeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, ntawm cov neeg tuaj teb uas tau nyiam qhob noom xim kasfes, 61 feem pua qhia tias lawv muaj peev xwm ntawm qhob noom xim kasfes los txhim kho lawv lub luag haujlwm. Chocolate "cravers" kuj hais tias chocolate ua rau lawv xav tias tsis tshua muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab txhawj xeeb. Cov neeg tshawb xyuas kuj pom tau tias chocolate twb craved los ntawm cov neeg uas muaj neuroticism thiab cov qhob noom xim kasfes yees yog qhia txog kev atypical kev nyuaj siab.
Txawm li cas los ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no feem ntau taw tes rau kev zoo siab ntawm cov neeg uas haus cocoa chocolate, muaj qee cov teeb meem uas txwv cov ntawv cog lus thiab kev tsis pom ntawm cov kev tshawb pom no. Ua ntej, qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm kev tshawb fawb no tau qhia tawm ntawm tus kheej thiab tsis tau muab los ntawm cov neeg tshawb xyuas. Thib ob, cov neeg tuaj koom muaj kev nyuab siab thiab muaj feem xyuam paj hlwb, thiab cov kws tshawb nrhiav tsis pom neeg tsis muaj kev nyuaj siab thiab kev nyuab siab. Hauv lwm cov ntsiab lus, cov txiaj ntsim no tsis tuaj yeem siv rau cov neeg tsis muaj kev nyuaj siab los yog muaj feem xyuam rau txoj kev xav ntawm neuroticism. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau yam kev sib tw ua rau cov menyuam yaus tsis tuaj yeem tsis muaj kev nyuaj siab lossis kev nyuab siab.
Xaus
Tej zaum peb yuav tsis paub tseeb tias "ntuj siab" muaj kev paub tom qab kev kab kev cacao yog, qhov tseeb, tshwj xeeb rau cov qhob noom xim kasfes los yog cov txiaj ntsim ntawm cov placebo. Raws li National Center for Biotechnology cov ntaub ntawv (NCBI):
"Cov nyhuv ntawm cov placebo yog txhais tau tias yog ib qho kev mob ntawm lub cev tom qab kev saib xyuas ntawm cov tshuaj khomob" inhibitory. " Lo lus placebo txhais tau tias 'Kuv yuav thov,' thiab cov txiaj ntsim ntawm cov placebo muaj keeb kwm ntev siv (thiab tsim txom) hauv cov tshuaj. Qhov tseeb ntawm cov nyhuv yog undisputed. "
Kev tshawb nrhiav qhia tias cacao thiab chocolate ua rau qee lub siab xav thiab kev paub txog. Cov mechanism ntawm kev ua zoo li no yuav muaj ntau yam neurotransmitters thiab ntxiv mus. Hauv lwm lo lus, muaj tej zaum tsis muaj tib lub laj thawj vim li cas cov tshuaj no ua rau siab siab.
Kuv yuav tsum siv qhov teeb meem, li cas los xij, nrog rau daim ntawv thov tias snorting cacao yog ntuj. Tsuas yog koj cov ntiv tes, ua tej yam dab tsi txog koj lub qhov ntswg yog tsis zoo thiab, tshwj tsis yog hais los ntawm koj tus kws kho mob, kuv yuav tsis txhob qaub dab tsi. Txawm tias cov tshuaj tua kabmob (OTC) cov tshuaj tua kabmob hauv qhov ntswg yuav muaj teebmeem tshwm sim yog tias siv ntau tshaj - qhov tsim nyog rau kev txhim kho ntawm qhov teeb meem rov qab los uas yuav ua rau muaj kev vam meej ntawm cov neeg siv.
Ob peb kev txhawj xeeb uas tuaj ntawm lub siab thaum neeg ntes cov khoom txawv teb chaws tuaj yeem muaj mob thiab kis kab mob . Txawv teb chaws tuaj yeem nkag rau hauv txoj hlab ntsws yuav ua rau muaj mob, thaum ntawd, yuav ua rau tus neeg kis mob. Yog tias ib tus neeg feem ntau tuaj koom lig hmo ntuj, haus, siv yeeb tshuaj, thiab cacao sniffing, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tau khiav thiab txhawj xeeb txog kev ua pa, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muaj mob.
Thov nco ntsoov tias cov kev txhawj xeeb no yog tshwj xeeb rau sniffing cacao thiab tsis tas yuav siv rau cov tshuaj cacao lossis cacao-infused drinks, uas pom tau tias kuj ua rau muaj siab tshaj qhov siab. Txawm hais tias kuv tsis paub meej txog qhov uas tau ua rau cov kev npaj no, raws li cov ntaub ntawv muaj, cov khoom no yuav tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws los qhia kev ceev faj thaum twg koj yuav tau ib qho tshiab thiab tsis tau txais.
> Cov chaw
> Cov npe ntawm: Kev Teem Tseg Txhim Kho Cov Kuaj Tshuaj Cov Khoom Tshuaj. Lub Kaum Hli 2016. http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules/orangebook/orangebook.pdf
> Nehlig A. Lub Neuroprotective Effects ntawm Cocoa Flavanol thiab Nws Cov Kev Cuam Tshuam ntawm Kev Paub. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2012; 75: 716-727.
> Parker G, Crawford J. Chocolate Craving Thaum Muaj Kev Nyuaj Siab: tus cwj pwm cwm pwm. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2007; 191: 351-352.
> Parker G, Parker I, Brotchie H. Mood State Effects of Chocolate. Phau Ntawv Txheeb Txog Kev Xiam Hlwb. 2006; 92: 149-159.