Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, cov tshuaj noj tshuaj yog tsim los ntawm patent tiv thaiv. Lub lag luam tshuaj yuav siv xyoo - kaum ob xyoo, txawm - tshawb nrhiav thiab kuaj ua ntej nqa cov tshuaj tshiab rau kev ua lag luam. Tshem tawm txoj hau kev muaj npe tshuaj lom neeg cov nqi siab, cov khw tsim ib qho tshiab rau cov tshuaj tshiab xws li tag nrho cov nqi kho mob uas tau tsim rau cov tshuaj.
Patents rau cov tshuaj muaj npe tshuaj feem ntau 10 mus rau 20 xyoo.
Raws li lub sijhawm tas sij hawm ntawm qhov kev tsim tawm patent, txhua tus kws kho mob tshuaj (nrog rau ib qho uas ua tau hom lub npe ntawm lub npe) yuav thov tau kev tso cai los tsim ua ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj. Cov tuam txhab ua cov generic versions ntawm cov tshuaj tsis tas yuav:
- Ua qhov kev tshawb fawb uas xav tau los tsim cov tshuaj hauv thawj qhov chaw;
- Muab cov tshuaj los ntawm kev soj ntsuam sim; los yog
- Teem kev tshaj tawm kev lag luam rau cov tshuaj yeeb tshuaj.
Tshem tawm peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov nqi ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj yeeb yaj kiab txhais tau hais tias muaj generic tuaj yeem muag ntawm tus nqi qis dua tus qauv lag luam.
Yuav tsum muaj rau Generics
Raws li US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), "Yuav kom tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm FDA, cov tshuaj yeeb dawb:
- muaj cov khoom xyaw tib yam li cov tshuaj yeeb tshuaj tshiab (cov khoom ua tsis sib thooj)
- ua zoo tib yam nyob hauv lub zog, noj tshuaj, thiab txoj kev ntawm kev tswj hwm
- muaj kev siv tib yam
- ua siab ntev
- ua kom tau raws li cov kev cai li qub rau tus kheej, lub zog, kev coj dawb huv, thiab zoo
- raug manufactured nyob rau hauv tib cov txheej txheem tib yam ntawm FDA tus qauv tsim cov kev cai tsim nyog rau cov khoom tshiab "
Rau kev siv tshuaj yeeb dej caw kom zoo rau nws lub npe ntawm tus neeg tuav npe, nws yuav tsum xa tus nqi ntawm cov khoom sib phim (active) rau tib lub sijhawm ntawm qhov tseem ceeb.
Qhov no tsis txhais hais tias tag nrho cov cwj pwm ntawm cov tshuaj noj siv hluav taws xob yog tib yam li cov tshuaj yeeb tshuaj thawj. Ib cov generic yuav tsum tsis zoo li tus thawj vim trademark tiv thaiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom xyaw uas tsis muaj zog, cov tshuaj tsw qab, cov quav, thiab dyes tuaj yeem txawv ntawm cov tshuaj muaj npe tshuaj.
Teeb Meem nrog Cov Tshuaj Feem Xyuam
Feem ntau cov sij hawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej cawv tsuas yog kev nyab xeeb thiab siv tau raws li lawv lub npe cov npe, tab sis cov teeb meem tshwm sim. Qhov laj thawj feem ntau rau cov nyom nrog cov tshuaj yeeb tshuaj yog tias cov khoom xyaw ua tsis zoo los yog cov tshuaj pab yog txawv. Epilepsy Newfoundland thiab Labrador, cov ntaub ntawv thiab tawm tsam lub koom haum, sau ntawv:
- Tus nquag noj qab haus huv uas pab tswj koj cov qaug dab peg yog tib yam hauv ob lub npe thiab cov 'generic' npe tab sis cov khoom uas siv los ua cov fillers, dyes, lossis binders, qee zaum txawv. Qhov no ua qee zaum ua rau qhov txawv txav ntawm koj lub plab lossis ua tiav ntawm koj lub cev. Qhov no yuav cuam tshuam yam tshuaj twg koj xav tau.
Qee cov neeg muaj kev fab tshuaj rau qee cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tus neeg lub cev yuav ua rau txhua tus sib xyaw ua ke thiab tsis muaj zog nyob rau hauv ib lub khw cov tshuaj, thiab hloov qhov sib tov - txawm tias tsis muaj kev fab rau ib yam khoom tshiab - yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov hauv cov tshuaj.
Piv txwv ntawm cov teeb meem nrog cov generics:
- Kimberly lub chaw muag tshuaj tau hloov ntawm ib lub tuam txhab generic mus rau ib qho ntawm nws cov tshuaj. Tau ob lub lis piam nws tau ntsib kev mob nkeeg thiab mob raws plab thaum nws lub cev hloov mus rau tus tshiab generic.
- Marcia lub chaw muag tshuaj tau pauv nws daim ntawv los ntawm Prozac rau ib qho generic version, fluoxetine. Nws tau tawm hauv cov pob ua pob - pom tau tias nws tsis haum cov tshuaj tsis haum rau ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj no.
Cov cwj pwm
Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob xav hais tias koj yuav muaj ib qho teeb meem thaum hloov ntawm lub npe nrov rau generic los yog los ntawm ib qho ntawm ib qho tshuaj yeeb rau lwm tus. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee cov kauj ruam uas koj tuaj yeem ua rau txo cov teeb meem nrog cov tshuaj noj, nrog rau kev sau cov tshuaj rau ntawm koj cov tshuaj thiab kos lub npe txhua zaus koj tuaj yeem rov qab tuaj yeem pom tias lub khw hloov lawm.
> Txawj xav:
> Hom Tshuaj: Cov Lus Nug thiab Cov Lus Teb. Center for Drug Assessment and Research (CDER), FDA. 2004.
> Generic Drug. Wikipedia
> FDA-Pom Zoo Siv Phom Tshuaj: Cov Khoom Generic Yuav Tau Ntsib Cov Qauv Ntsuas. US Food thiab Drug Administration. 2003.
> Cov lus nug Txog Generics. Medco. 2003.
> Generic lossis Hom Tshuaj Tshuaj Lub Npe. Epilepsy Newfoundland thiab Labrador. Xyoo 2001.
> Brownlee, CL Ntxiv "spoonful of sugar" thiab ntau dua. Niaj hnub Tshuaj Yeeb Tshawb Discovery. 2002.
> Tshuaj Yeeb Tshaj: Ua Kev Hloov. Aetna tshuaj. 2006.
> Hendershot, R. "Tshuaj-Tshuaj Lub Tshuaj, Tshuaj Txhiv Tshuaj, thiab Cov Tshuaj Txhaum Cai." Linknet Cov Tsab Ntawv 2006.