Cocaine kev ua phem thiab kev quav yeeb quav cawv tseem yog ib qho teeb meem uas tsim kev kub ntxhov hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Cocaine yog ib hom yeeb tshuaj tshuaj heev, tam sim no yog ib qho uas muaj daim ntawv Schedule II. Cocaine yog categorized li ib qho stimulant.
Zoo li feem ntau cov stimulants, cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev ua hauv lub cev, xws li lub plawv dhia, ntshav siab, neeg ras txog, thiab lub zog. Cov feem ntau siv daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj yog ib tug hmoov dawb uas pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawm Erythroxylon Coca cog, uas tau siv hauv South America rau ntau pua xyoo.
Ua ntej pib hauv Tebchaws Meskas thaum xyoo 1880 los ua kev phais mob phais, cov tshuaj yeeb dawb pib siv los ua ib hom tshuaj siv hauv tsev, nrog rau cov khoom haus Coca Cola thiab lwm yam dej qab zib. Nws yog cais raws li Hom Tshuaj II Schedule II hauv xyoo 1970.
1 - Cocaine Yog Dab Tsi?
Cocaine yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom qub uas paub txog kev puas siab ntsws. Cov nplooj ntawm Erythroxylon coca Bush tau chewed thiab ingested rau txhiab xyoo. Cocaine hydrochloride, cov khoom raug muab rho tawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau raug tsim txom ntau tshaj 100 xyoo.
Nyob rau thaum xyoo 1900, cov neeg ua yeeb yam yog cov khoom muaj nyob hauv ntau cov tonics thiab elixirs uas tau muag thaum lub sij hawm los kho cov mob thiab kev mob. Nws yog ib qho khoom noj rau hauv daim qauv mis thawj rau cov dej haus Coca Cola.
Lub ncov ntawm cov yeeb tshuaj loj tuaj rau xyoo 1980 thiab 1990 thaum nws paub cov npe xws li Movie Star Drug thiab California Cornflakes.
Cocaine yog ib hom kabmob thooj li uas ncaj qha rau lub hlwb. Nws yog ib daim ntawv Schedule II uas tau muaj kev tsim txom, tab sis tuaj yeem siv tau rau cov hom phiaj kho mob, xws li cov tshuaj loog.
Txawm li cas los xij, yeeb yaj kiab feem ntau yog muag ntawm txoj kev tsis raws li cov nplua dawb . Ntau lub sij hawm nws yog tov nrog lwm yam tshuaj xws li pob kws, cov tshuaj hmoov los yog cov piam thaj kom zoo rau nws cov purity. Qee lub sij hawm nws yog tov nrog amphetamine los yog nrog tus heroin hauv dab tsi hu ua "speedball."
Cocaine kuj tau muag ntawm txoj kev nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv hu ua freebase uas yog hu ua cracker cocaine. Lub hauv paus ntawm cocaine yog ua tiav nrog ammonia los yog baking soda thiab dej ces rhuab kom tshem tawm cov hydrochloride los tsim ib cov ntawv luam yeeb ntawm cov tshuaj.
Lo lus "nrawm" yog hais txog lub suab ntuag cov khoom ua rau thaum nws haus luam yeeb.
2 - Neeg Cuam Tiv Thaiv Twg?
Thaum cov tshuaj yeeb yaj kiab tuaj ua haujlwm rau hauv lub yeeb tshuaj dawb yog hu ua freebase, los yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev xav, nrib pleb cocaine. Lo lus "tawg" ua tau yog hais txog lub suab tawg pleb lub thauv tawm ntawm cov tshuaj ua rau thaum nws hlawv.
Siv ammonia los yog sodium bicarbonate (ci dej qab zib) thiab dej, cov tshuaj yeeb tov yog rhuab tshem tawm cov hydrochloride. Qhov no ua rau lub freebase, los yog smokable daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj.
Thaum cov neeg haus luam yeeb tawg paj yeeb rau txoj kev muaj kev kub ntxhov tam sim ntawd (feem ntau yog tsawg dua 10 feeb). Vim hais tias lub siab yog tam sim thiab euphoric thiab vim tawg yog pheej yig los tsim thiab yuav ntawm txoj kev, cov tshuaj ua nrov heev nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1980s.
Lub siab tam sim ntawd thiab ceev nrooj "sib tsoo" tom qab thawj zaug maj, kuj yog vim li cas cov neeg ua yeeb yam cocaine yog ib yam yees heev.
3 - Tus Kab Mob Cocaine Siv Hauv Tebchaws Meskas yog Dab Tsi?
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg siv cocaine tam sim no tau qis tsis meej txij li thaum xyoo 1980 thiab qhov poob ntawd tau txuas ntxiv mus rau xyoo pua 21st. Raws li National Survey rau Kev Siv Tshuaj thiab Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (NSDUH), hauv xyoo 2012 muaj 1.6 lab cov neeg siv cov neeg laus hnub nyoog 12 los yog laus dua, los yog li ntawm 0.6% ntawm cov neeg.
Tus lej ntawd zoo ib yam li cov xyoo 2011 (1.4 plhom thiab 0.5%), tab sis qis tshaj cov neeg siv cov neeg siv yeeb yam tam sim no nruab nrab ntawm xyoo 2003 thiab 2007 (2.4 lab cov neeg siv los yog 1.0%).
Txawm tias cov neeg siv cocaine coob tshaj yog cov tub ntxhais hluas hnub nyoog 18 thiab 25 xyoo, txij li xyoo 2005 txog 2012 tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg siv tam sim no hauv lub hnub nyoog muaj hnub nyoog poob qis ntawm 2.6% rau 1.1% xwb.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg siv cov neeg siv yeeb yaj kiab tshiab tseem qis dua. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg uas pib siv yeeb yaj kiab siv thawj zaug rau xyoo dhau los poob ntawm 1.0 lab hauv 2002 mus rau 639,000 rau xyoo 2012.
Ib yam nkaus li, Kev Tshawb Xyuas Txog Kev Soj Ntsuam Yav Tom Ntej, cov ntawv tshawb fawb 8th-, 10th thiab 12th-grade cov tub ntxhais kawm txhua xyoo, tau pom tias muaj kev poob qis rau cov tub ntxhais kawm uas tsis dhau los ntawm kev siv yeeb tshuaj thaum xyoo 1990 mus txog rau xyoo 2013.
4 - Cocaine Siv Li Cas?
Cocaine tau raug coj los ntawm ntau txoj hau kev: qhov ncauj, pob txha, intravenous, thiab nqus pa. Los yog, raws li cov kev no raug pom ntawm txoj kev, "chewing," "snorting," "mainlining," "hno," thiab "haus luam yeeb."
Tsuas pub siv tau kev pom zoo siv tshuaj kho mob, tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev siv cov tshuaj yeeb dawb rau txhua daim ntawv. Tag nrho cov nram qab no ntawm kev siv tshuaj yeeb yuav ua rau muaj kev nqus ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj ntsis ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab, ua rau mob plawv mob lossis mob hlwb, thiab qaug dab peg, raws li National Institute on Drug Abuse. Cov ntawm no tuaj yeem ua rau tuag cia li tuag.
Snorting
Intranasal administration yog snorting, tus txheej txheem kev nqus cov hmoov tshuaj yeeb los ntawm qhov ntswg. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem muab plhws mus rau ntawm cov nqaij mos thiab absorbed hauv cov hlab ntsha.
Feem ntau, thaum ib tug neeg siv cov tshuaj yeeb-yaj yeeb, muab cov tshuaj tso rau ntawm ib daim iav xws li daim iav thiab cais mus rau "cov kab" nrog rau ib rab chais ntsej muag los yog credit card, tom qab ntawd cov kab yog snorted los ntawm ib cov quav cab los yog ib daim nqi xaj li. Nyob rau hauv 1980s nws tau suav hais tias yog gauche hauv qee voj voog mus rau tus neeg tsav tsheb nrog txhua yam tiam sis $ 100.
Txhaj
Kev siv los yog hno tshuaj yog thaum siv lub koob tshuaj tivthaiv kabmob (hypodermic needle) siv cov tshuaj yeeb-yaj-kiab ncaj qha mus rau hauv cov hlab ntshav, uas ua rau kom muaj kev siv ntawm nws cov teebmeem.
Vim hais tias cov hmoov yeeb dej cocaine yog cocaine hydrochloride, lub ntsev (HCL) ua rau nws soluble hauv dej thiaj li hais tias nws tuaj yeem raug txhaj tshuaj. Cov teeb meem tshwm sim tuaj yeem thaum cov neeg haus cocaine nyob hauv txoj kev yog loose nrog cov tshuaj tsis paub uas tsis yooj yim kiag li.
Haus luam yeeb
Cov neeg haus luam yeeb ua rau nqus pa los yog cov pa cocaine vapor rau hauv cov ntsws uas nws qhov nqus mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem yuav luag sai npaum li kev txhaj tshuaj. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tam sim ntawd thiab euphoric cov nyhuv uas yog ib qho ntawm kev haus luam yeeb tawg cocaine los ua kom thoob plaws hauv xyoo 1980s.
Txoj Kev Siv Los cuam tshuam qhov Teebmeem
Thaum cov neeg haus dej cocaine tau nqus lawm, nws cov teebmeem pib tom qab ob peb feeb thiab kawg ntawm 15 mus rau 30 feeb nyob ntawm seb qhov loj npaum li cas thiab kev kam rau tus neeg siv. Lub koob tshuaj loj yuav ntev me ntsis ntev, tab sis raws li tus neeg siv ua kev siab ntev rau kev siv tshuaj, nws yuav siv sij hawm loj thiab loj dua mus ua kom zoo li qub.
Thaum cov neeg haus cocaine tau haus, cov tshuaj los ntawm cov tshuaj yuav pib sai sai thiab sib zog, tab sis cov nyhuv "tsham" sai sai - hauv tsib zaug lossis 10 feeb. Qhov no yog vim li cas cov neeg ua yeeb yam cocaine thiaj li muaj yees, cov neeg siv yuav haus luam yeeb ntau dua thiab ntau dua ntawm nws sim ua kom rov qab zoo siab tias thawj zaug, siab heev.
Thaum cocaine raug txhaj cov nyhuv yog tam sim ntawd thiab khaus ntau dua. Vim hais tias muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab cuam tshuam loj heev ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb thiab cov tshuaj yeeb dawb, cov kev siv kev siv no yog xam ntau yam txaus ntshai vim tias muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj thiab muaj peev xwm ua dhau los.
5 - Cocaine Ua Li Cas Yuav Ua Li Cas?
Ntau lub xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb tau tsim kom muaj kev nkag siab meej tias cov neeg muaj kab mob cuam tshuam li cas hauv lub hlwb los tsim nws cov kev zoo siab tuaj thiab yog vim li cas nws thiaj li muaj yees.
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom thaj tsam ntawm lub hlwb uas zoo li yuav raug tsim los ntawm txhua hom kev ua noj - khoom noj khoom haus, poj niam txiv neej, thiab yeeb tshuaj ntawm kev tsim txom. Ib qho ntawm cov cheeb tsam feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov yeeb tshuaj yog lub ventral tegmental cheeb tsam (VTA) nyob rau hauv lub midbrain.
Txoj kev uas lub hlwb nquag ua haujlwm, kev tshawb nrhiav tau pom, yog cov hlab hlwb nyob hauv VTA txuas mus rau lwm thaj chaw ntawm lub hlwb hu ua nucleus accumbens, thaj chaw tseem ceeb ntawm lub hlwb koom nrog rau nqi zog.
Qia hlwb thiab Dopamine muaj nuj nqi
Cov txiaj ntsim tau nce qib ntawm dopamine , lub hlwb tshuaj los yog neurotransmitter, uas yog ua kom tsub ntxiv neural ua si hauv cov keeb kwm. Raws li ib txwm muaj, dopamine yog tso tawm los ntawm cov neuron me me ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm qhov neurons (synapse) qhov twg nws khi rau cov kabmob tshwjxeeb, hu ua dopamine receptors, ntawm lwm qhov neuron, xa ib lub teeb liab rau qhov neuron ntawd.
Tom qab lub teeb liab raug xa mus, dopamine raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm cov neurons thiab rov qab siv rau yav tom ntej.
Kev Tsim Tsa Lub Hlwb
Kev tshawb fawb pom tau hais tias yeeb dawb thiab lwm yam yeeb tshuaj ntawm kev tsim txom yuav cuam tshuam nrog txoj kev sib txuas lus no hauv lub hlwb. Cocaine siv cov kev tshem tawm ntawm dopamine los ntawm cov synapse uas ua rau "lub zog" nrov tau muab xa mus rau cov txais neurons.
Qhov teeb meem kev ua kom nrov zog no yog cov neeg siv cov yeeb yaj kiab uas pom tau tias yog thawj zaug zoo lossis siab.
Tab sis tom qab ntawd thawj zaug siab, ib lub paj hlwb neurochemical yuav siv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub hlwb uas ua rau lub nqi zog yuav poob qis dua qhov qub qub qib. Thaum cov neeg siv yeeb yaj kiab siv dua, tib theem kev zoo siab tsis tiav.
Qhov tshwm sim no ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov neeg siv, txhais tau tias lawv yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj ntau dua los yog ntau zaus sib xyaw rau lub hlwb kom sim ua kom tiav tib theem ntawm kev zoo siab thaum lawv pib siv. Qhov kev voj voog ntawm kev ua kom muaj kabmob ua kom tau tib theem siab tuaj yeem tsim tau ib qho kev tiv thaiv .
Pathological Pursuit of Gifts
Cov neeg siv cocaine tsim ib txoj kev cia siab rau "siab" lawv tau siv cov tshuaj, tab sis lawv tsis tsim kom ua siab ntev rau cov kev xav uas lawv xav tias tom qab lub siab tawm lawm. Thiaj li, tsis yog tig mus rau lub xeev ntawm "ib txwm," lawv rov qab mus rau ib lub xeev ntxiv ntawm dysphoria.
Yog li, lawv nce cov neeg uas lawv siv los ua kom yooj yim dua qhov kev npau suav thiab sim rov qab mus rau qhov pib zoo siab. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tau ntsib kev qis dua thaum lub hlwb reacts rau lub voj voog ntawm kev qaug zog thiab kev tshem tawm.
Qhov no yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) hais tias qhov kev xav ntawm kev ntshaw ua rau kev mob siab thiab kev muab nqi zog-nrhiav ua compulsive nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm qhov tseeb tias "siab" yog tsis txaus siab thiab cov tshuaj tsis muab tej nyem los ntawm dysphoria.
Kev siv sijhawm ntev los yog siv cov yeeb yaj kiab ua zoo li no nrog lub paj hlwb lub ntuj tsim nqi rau qhov chaw uas siv cov yeeb yaj kiab tsis ua rau pib muaj kev lom zem thawj zaug.
6 - Cov Kev Siv Luam Lawm Luv Luv Cocaine Siv Dab Tsi?
Yuav luag tam sim ntawd tom qab noj cov tshuaj yeeb dawb, tus neeg siv pib hnov nws cov teebmeem, txawm tias nws yog snorted, txhaj los yog haus luam yeeb. Txawm hais tias me me ntawm cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem ua rau tus neeg siv tau hnov zoo siab, nquag, sib tham, thiab lub hlwb.
Cov neeg siv qhia txog kev siab ntsws xav pom, suab, thiab kov. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem paub txog kev noj zaubmov lossis kev pw tsaug zog, tsawg kawg yog ib ntus.
Txawm hais tias qee cov neeg siv cov yeeb tshuaj tau pom tias siv cov tshuaj no pab lawv ua cov neeg txawj ntse thiab lub cev kom yooj yim dua, lwm cov neeg siv tau qhia tias cov yeeb yaj kiab muaj cov nyhuv txawv.
Txoj kev uas siv yeeb yaj kiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov neeg siv li cas thiab ntev npaum li cas lub siab ntev. Piv txwv, nqus cov neeg haus luam yeeb tsis ua rau mob siab vim haus nws, tab sis lub siab ntev dua. Kev siab ntawm qaub ncaug tuaj yeem siv li 15 mus rau 30 feeb, thaum muaj kev haus luam yeeb ntau yuav tsuas ntev li 5 mus rau 10 feeb.
Qhov ceev cov tshuaj yaj yeeb ua rau cov hlab ntsha, qhov khaus ntau heev, tab sis lub sijhawm luv.
Cov neeg muaj kabmob ntawm cov yeeb-yaj-kiab muaj peev xwm muaj xws li:
- Tiv thaiv ntshav hlab ntsha
- Kaw cov tub kawm ntawv
- Ua rau kub cev
- Ntxiv plawv dhia
- Ntxiv ntshav siab
Cov neeg uas siv cov tshuaj yeeb dej cawv ntau tuaj yeem ua rau lawv siab, tab sis kuj yuav muaj kev txawv txav, ua tsis zoo, thiab kev coj cwj pwm phem. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem paub txog:
- Tremors
- Vertigo
- Nqaij qaib
- Paranoia
- Nyob tsis tswm
- Tsis phom sij
- Ntxhov siab vim
Raws li National Institute on Drug Abuse, rov ua dua ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li zoo li amphetamine lom.
Txawm hais tias nws tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim, kev tuag yuav tshwm sim rau thawj zaug siv yeeb dawb los yog poob nthav nrog cov tshuaj tom qab siv tshuaj. Cocaine-ntsig txog kev tuag yog feem ntau ntawm kev ua rau lub plawv nres lossis qaug dab peg tom qab ua pa nyeg.
Cawv yuav ua rau kom muaj kev puas tsuaj
Qee cov neeg siv cocaine qhia cov tshuaj muab rau lawv zoo nkaus li muaj hwj chim thiab kev ntseeg siab. Ntau lub sij hawm lawv xav tias lawv ua hauj lwm rau theem siab tshaj qhov lawv muaj tiag. Yog li ntawd, thaum tsav tsheb ua ke ua tau txaus ntshai - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj haus dej.
Thaum cov neeg haus dej haus cocaine lawv muaj kev nyiam haus ntau dua li niaj zaus vim tias lawv tsis muaj kev nyuaj siab txog kev haus dej cawv vim tias cov neeg siv yeeb yaj kiab los ntawm cov khoom ua pa. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum tus neeg ua rau neeg haus luam yeeb pib hnav lawm, tus neeg haus luam yeeb tseem tshuav qaug ntau tshaj li qhov nws paub lawm, nws yuav ua rau nws tsis muaj kev raug xwm txheej tab sis ntuav, ua rau nws nqos thiab ua kom tsis nco qab.
Thaum yeeb dawb thiab cawv siv ua ke, lawv tau ua ke nyob rau hauv daim siab ua daim ntawv cocaethylene, uas ua rau cov euphoric los ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab. Tab sis, nws kuj ua tau kom cov tawv nqaij ntawm lub plawv thiab txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tuag sai sai.
Tshem Tawm Ntawm Txwv Los Ntawm Cocaine
Raws li cov nyhuv ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab pib hnav, koj tuaj yeem paub cov tsos mob tawm, xws li kev tsiv plawv, kev sib ceg, kev tsis txaus siab, kev txhawj xeeb, kev nyuaj siab, kev nyuaj siab lossis kev ua neej tsis muaj zog.
Vim tias cov kev mob tshwm sim tsis zoo no, ntau cov neeg siv yeeb yaj kiab tau qhia txog qhov "nqes" los ntawm cov tshuaj. Ntau cov neeg siv qhia txog kev nyuab siab sai sai tom qab cov tshuaj muaj teebmeem hnav tawm, uas qee tus tuaj yeem ua haujlwm rau hnub ntawd.
Yog li ntawd, qee cov neeg siv yuav siv ntau cov tshuaj yeeb dej cocaine kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis txaus siab - vim li cas lwm tus cocaine thiaj suav hais tias yog li kev yees.
Koj puas xav tias tej zaum koj yuav tsum tau kho rau kev siv yeeb tshuaj? Coj Tsaj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Cov Yeeb Tsom Yeeb Tshawb xyuas seb puas tsim nyog.
Pom lwm yam teebmeem ntawm kev siv cocaine.
7 - Cov Kev Siv Luam Yeeb Ntev Rau Kev Siv Cocaine Yog Dab Tsi?
Ib qho ntawm feem kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev siv cov yeeb tshuaj yog nws txoj kev muaj hwj huam sib luag. Txawm tias tom qab siv ib qho tshuaj, cov neeg siv tsis paub tseeb los yog tswj tau ntau npaum li cas nws yuav siv cov yeeb tshuaj los yog xav siv nws.
Thaum twg ib tug neeg ua rau neeg quav cawv, txiav tawm tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab ua dhau los nyuaj, txawm tias ntev ntev los lawm. National Institute of Drug Abuse cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom hais tias txawm tias tom qab tsis siv cov tshuaj yeeb-yaj-kiab ntev ntev, kev raug mob ua rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam - los yog tseem nco txog cov kev paub txog yav dhau los - muaj peev xwm teeb tsa kev xav thiab kev rov mob siab.
Thaum cov neeg siv cocaine tseem siv cov tshuaj, lub hlwb pib hloov nws lub nqi zog. Kev ua siab ntev rau cov tshuaj yuav tsim tau, txhais tau hais tias ntau dua lossis ntau zaus cov neeg siv yeeb yaj kiab uas tsim nyog los tsim cov kev paub zoo txog kev siv thawj zaug.
Tib lub sij hawm, cov neeg siv yuav ua rau cov neeg muaj kev ntxhov siab vim muaj kev ntxhov siab, kev sib cav sib ceg thiab lwm yam kev mob toxic.
Psychological thiab Physiological los ntawm Cocaine
Nrog rau cov neeg ua hauj lwm cocaine rov qab, thaum siv tshuaj ntau dua ntawm cov tshuaj noj ntau dua, tus neeg siv yuav tuaj yeem tsim kev puas hlwb thiab kev mob nyhav, xws li:
- Ua kom txob taus
- Nyob tsis tswm
- Panic tawm tsam
- Tag nro blown psychosis uas muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab kev xav pom
Txoj kev uas siv yeeb yaj kiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Snorting yeeb-tshuaj yuav ua rau:
- Tsis nco qab ntawm lub siab
- Nosebleeds
- Cov teeb meem nqos
- Hoarseness
- Ntswg ntawm qhov ntswg lub qhov ntswg
- Mob ntev, mob ntswg
Kev hno thiab txhaj Cocaine
Cov neeg siv uas tau noj (cov noj quav) cov yeeb tshuaj yuav ua rau muaj mob plab hnyuv plab vim cov ntshav khiav tsis zoo.
Cov neeg uas siv tshuaj yeeb nrog rab koob yuav tsim "khiav" rau ntawm lawv sab caj npab thiab lwm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj. Lawv tuaj yeem tsim muaj kev fab tshuaj, tsis hais tus cocaine los yog los ntxiv cov tshuaj siv los txiav cov tshuaj ntawm cov neeg lag luam.
Raws li NIDA, ntau tus neeg siv cov neeg siv yeeb yaj kiab poob lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab ua rau kev poob phaus nyhav thiab pom cov cim qhia ntawm kev tsis zoo.
Ntau Cov Kev Nyuaj Siab Ntev ntawm Cocaine
Muaj lwm yam teeb meem ntawm kev siv yeeb dawb ntau dhau ib lub sijhawm. Qee qhov muaj xws li:
- Cov pob txha tsis zoo, lub plawv nres, thiab lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm
- Cov hlab ntsha neurological, nrog rau cov cwj nrag, qaug dab peg, thiab hemorrhaging hauv cov ntaub so ntswg uas nyob ib puag ncig lub hlwb
- Tsis tsaug zog
- Kev sib deev tsis sib deev
- Perforated ntswg septum
- Kua dej hauv lub ntsws, ua rau mob ntsws asthma thiab lwm yam mob ntsws, thiab ua pa tsis ua haujlwm
- Ua rau muaj feem raug mob
- Hais lus nruj, ua nruj ua tsiv, lossis coj cwj pwm phem
- Kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kab mob siab, kab mob HIV, endocarditis, thiab fungal hlwb mob (rau IV cov neeg siv)
8 - Cov Kev Mob Teeb Meem ntawm Txoj Cai Cocaine?
Kev siv cov tshuaj yeeb-yaj-kiab tuaj yeem tsim cov kev mob loj thiab loj heev, feem ntau ntawm cov kev mob plawv, nrog rau cov teeb meem hauv plawv thiab lub plawv nres.
Kev siv cocaine yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij xws li mob hauv siab thiab ua pa tsis ua pa; muaj teebmeem txog kev nyuab siab, nrog rau cov cwj nrag, qaug dab peg, thiab mob taub hau; thiab mob plab, nrog rau mob plab thiab xeev siab.
Kev rov siv cov yeeb dawb tau txuas rau ntau hom kab mob hauv lub plawv. Cocaine tau raug pom los ua rau kom lub plawv dhia plawv khiav rhythms, hu ua cov hlwv fibrillation; accelerate lub plawv thiab ua pa; thiab nce ntshav siab thiab lub cev kub. Cov tsos mob ntawm lub cev kuj muaj xws li mob hauv siab, xeev siab, qhov muag tsis pom kev, kub cev, mob ntshauv, qaug dab peg, thiab coma.
Qhov Adverse Effects ntawm Snorting Cocaine
Qhov ntau txoj kev uas cov neeg siv yeeb yaj kiab tuaj yeem tsim muaj ntau qhov kev phom sij. Piv txwv li, xws li nqus dej cawv, piv txwv, tuaj yeem ua rau hnov tsw ntxhiab, nosebleeds, muaj teeb meem nrog nqos, txhaws qa, thiab mob voos mob hauv qhov ntswg, uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob plab, mob ntswg.
Cov neeg haus cawv tuaj yeem tuaj yeem ua rau mob plab hnyuv plab, vim cov ntshav qis dua. Thiab, cov neeg uas siv cov tshuaj yeeb-tho muaj puncture marks thiab "tracks," feem ntau nyob hauv lawv cov caj npab.
Kev Txhaum Kev Txhaum Kev Cocaine
Cov neeg siv uas txhaj tshuaj yeeb kuj tuaj yeem muaj kev fab tshuaj, xws li tshuaj los yog qee qhov ntxiv rau hauv txoj kev ua yeeb yam, uas ua rau muaj mob hnyav, tuag taus. Vim hais tias cocaine muaj ib txoj hauv kev xav txo cov khoom noj khoom haus, ntau cov neeg siv yeeb yaj kiab uas ua rau lawv cov tsis muaj zog thiab lawv muaj qhov hnyav thiab kev poob siab.
Rau cov neeg siv yeeb dawb (IV) cov neeg siv yeeb tshuaj (IV), muaj cov kab mob siab, mob HIV, thiab kab mob endocarditis.
Kev Cuam Tshuam ntawm Cocaine thiab Dej Cawv
Kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias muaj kev cuam tshuam kev lag luam ntawm yeeb thiab cawv. Ua ke nrog, ob cov tshuaj yog hloov dua siab tshiab los ntawm lub cev mus rau cocaethylene. Cocaethylene tau ntev ntev ntawm kev txiav txim hauv lub hlwb thiab yog mob toxic ntau dua li yeeb tshuaj ib leeg xwb.
Thaum kev tshawb nrhiav ntau dua yuav tsum tau ua, nws tseem ceeb tshaj yog tias cov tshuaj yeeb thiab dej caw sib tov sib xyaw yog ob hom tshuaj yeeb dej caw ntau tshaj plaws uas ua rau kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob.
9 - Cov Neeg Ua Txhaum Cai Cocaine Cov Uas Raug rau HIV / AIDS thiab Kab Mob Siab Ntsws?
Cov neeg siv yeeb tshuaj yog cov muaj kabmob ntau dua rau cov kabmob kis kabmob, nrog rau kev tivthaiv kabmob kabmob / kabmob (immunodeficiency syndrome) (HIV / AIDS) thiab kabmob siab viral.
Sib koom cov koob paug thiab kabmob lwm yam tshuaj yog ib qho ua rau kev pheej hmoo siab, tiam sis vim cov neeg siv yeeb tshuaj qaug tshuaj qaug zog yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoog coj cwj pwm.
Lub Koomhaum Lub Tebchaws ntawm Txoj Cai Kev Yeeb Tshuaj ntawm Kev Yeebmeem Kev Tshuaj qhia tau pom tias kev siv yeeb tshuaj thiab kev quav tshuaj muaj kev txiav txim siab thiab kev muaj peev xwm los txiav txim siab, uas tuaj yeem ua rau kev sib kis, kev sib daj sib deev sib tham, thiab kev sib daj sib deev sib muag-los ntawm cov txiv neej thiab poj niam.
Cocaine thiab HIV thiab Kab Mob Siab C
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev sib deev kis tus kab mob HIV nyob hauv cov neeg siv yeeb tshuaj tau raug coj los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias cov tshuaj yeeb dej cawv uas tsis siv cov tshuaj yeeb tshuaj yog kis HIV nrog cov nqi sib luag rau cov neeg siv tshuaj txhaj tshuaj.
Cov neeg siv tshuaj txhaj tshuaj kuj tseem muaj feem yuav ua rau kis kab mob siab C (HCV). Kev soj ntsuam NIDA qhia tau hais tias qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev cog lus HCV pib nrog thawj koob tshuaj txhaj tshuaj. Tsis pub dhau ob xyoos tom qab 40% ntawm cov neeg siv yeeb tshuaj txhaj tshuaj yuav raug rau tus kab mob thiab tsib xyoos txoj kev pheej hmoo yuav nce mus rau ntawm 50% thiab 80%.
Tus NIDA xav kom kuaj tus kab mob HCV rau txhua tus neeg mob uas tau txhaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
10 - Tus Menyuam Yeebmeem Kev Siv Cocaine Dabtsi?
Cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tsis tau paub txiav txim siab tias cov poj niam xeeb tub tau siv rau ntawm nws tus menyuam, tab sis kev tshawb nrhiav tau pom muaj qee qhov teeb meem tshwm sim. Cov menyuam mosliab uas nws leej niam ua phem rau thaum nws xeeb tub tau ntau zaus:
- Prematurely xa
- Muaj qhov hnyav qis tsawg
- Npaj me me lub taub hau
- Shorter ntev
Ib qho laj thawj uas cov kws tshawb fawb pom tau tsis muaj cuab kav txiav txim siab txog kev siv tshuaj yeeb los ntawm kev siv yeeb tshuaj los yog tej yam muaj teeb meem ntawm yeeb yaj kiab rau ntawm tus me nyuam hauv plab yog vim hais tias yog leej niam abusing cocaine, muaj tej zaum yuav muaj lwm yam los ua si hauv nws lub neej kuj raug rau tus menyuam.
Lwm Yam Tseem Caw Ua Si
Qee yam ntawm lwm yam uas yuav ua rau muaj txiaj ntsim ntais ntawm niam txiv, tus me nyuam hauv plab thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm me nyuam muaj xws li:
- Tus nqi thiab pes tsawg ntawm kev siv yeeb siv tshuaj
- Siv cov nicotine
- Tshaj tawm kev saib xyuas kev xeeb tub
- Ua nruj ua tsiv nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig
- Cov kev mob txom nyem
- Menyuam noj zaub mov
- Raug rau cov kab mob sib kis los ntawm kev sib deev
- Lwm yam mob
Kev Txawj Nyuaj Los Ntawm Tus Menyuam
Lwm yam kev ua rau kev yuam kev ua ntej kev tsim txom uas cov kws soj ntsuam tau pom tau muaj xws li muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qee yam ntawm kev ua cov ntaub ntawv, kev ua haujlwm rau cov dej num, thiab kev paub txog lub peev xwm. Tag nrho cov kev lag luam no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tus me nyuam qhov ua kom tiav nws lub peev xwm, qhov National Institute on Drug Abuse said.
11 - Cov Kev Kho Mob Dab Tsi Zoo Rau Cov Neeg Ua Txhaum Cov Neeg Tua Tsiaj?
Cocaine kev tiv thaiv tuaj yeem yog ib txoj hauv kev nyuaj, ua rau cov teeb meem tsis txaus siab tsis yog nrog kev tiv thaiv nws tus kheej tab sis muaj ntau yam teeb meem ntawm tus kheej. Kev kho rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam, yog li, yuav tsum yog ib qho kev qhia txog kev tiv thaiv kev quav yeeb tshuaj, tsev neeg thiab lwm yam teeb meem ntawm ib puag ncig.
Raws li National Institute on Drug Abuse, kev siv tshuaj yeeb dawb yuav tsum muaj kev soj ntsuam txog cov kab mob neurobiological, kev sib raug zoo, thiab kev kho mob ntawm tus neeg mob txoj kev siv yeeb tshuaj. Ntau lub sij hawm no suav nrog ntau yam kev siv yeeb tshuaj.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg uas muaj kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj feem ntau kuj muaj lwm yam teeb meem kev puas siab puas ntsws uas yuav tsum tau hais rau hauv kev kho mob.
Pharmacological Ncav Saib Xyuas
Tam sim no tsis muaj cov tshuaj pom zoo los ntawm US Food and Drug Administration los kho tshuaj yeeb dawb, tab sis muaj kev tshawb nrhiav nruj heev los tshawb nrhiav thiab kuaj cov tshuaj tshiab uas yuav pab tau cov neeg quav yeeb quav tshuaj.
Qee cov tshuaj uas tau sim tam sim no yog cov FDA uas tau pom zoo rau lwm cov mob lossis kab mob. Qee cov uas muaj kev cog lus rau kev siv tshuaj yeeb muaj xws li vigabatrin, modafinil, realabine, disulfiram, thiab topiramate.
Cov tshuaj noj tshiab yog tshawb fawb tias thaiv cov teebmeem ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm ntau thaj chaw ntawm lub hlwb kom pab tiv thaiv rov qab rau cov neeg mob uas twb tau txiav tawm cov tshuaj. Qhov no suav nrog cov tshuaj "cocaine vaccine" uas tau qhia tias "kev cog lus zoo," NIDA hais.
Tus Cwj Pwm Cuam Tshuam
Muaj ntau txoj kev kho tus cwj pwm coj uas siv rau hauv thaj chaw thiab chaw kho mob sab nraud los kho tshuaj yeeb dawb. Tam sim no, lawv tsuas yog kev pom zoo thiab cov pov thawj-raws li kev kho mob rau cov neeg ua hauj lwm cocaine thiab koog yas cocaine.
Qee qhov kev kho tus cwj pwm no muaj xws li:
- Kev txhawb zog kev txhawb zog (kev tswj xyuas kev tswj hwm)
- Kev paub kev coj tus cwj pwm
- Therapeutic cov zej zog (cov chaw nyob)
- Txhawb pab pawg (xws li Cocaine Anonymous)
Qhov chaw:
Allen, Frederick. Tus qauv zais cia . New York: HarperCollins, 1994. ISBN 0-88730-672-1 (phab 35-36, 41-42, 45, 192).
American Society of Addiction Medicine. "Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev quav tshuaj (Ntev dhau los)." 15 Lub yim hli ntuj 2011.
Brown University. "Cocaine." Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv - Cawv, Luam Yeeb, & Lwm Cov Tshuaj.
Lub Koom Haum Thoob Plaws Hauv Lub Tebchaws. "Cocaine: Tsimtxom thiab Tiag." Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Xyuas.
University of Maryland Chaw rau Kev Yeeb Yam Tshuaj Tua Tsiaj. "Cocaine (hmoov)." Cov Ntaub Ntawv Qhia Txog Tshuaj.