Thaum koj sau ntawv APA , feem ntau koj yuav tsum tau xa cov hauj lwm los ntawm lwm tus neeg. Qhov no tej zaum yuav hais txog cov kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb , piav txog lwm tus neeg sau ntawv, los yog suav nrog kev ncaj qha los ntawm lwm txoj haujlwm. Tus APA qhov tseeb yog qhov qhia tias koj paub txog qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm koj lub npe, tias koj cov ntaub ntawv tau raug muab teev meej thiab tias koj muaj cov lus xaus yuav txhawb nqa cov pov thawj.
Koj cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov ntawv teev lus yog ib qho tseem ceeb raws li koj cov nqe lus siv. APA hom tsim muaj ntau txoj cai tswj kev ua haujlwm kom siv cov ntaub ntawv sau cov lus qhia. Qhov tseeb ntawm koj cov ntawv sau nyob hauv cov ntawv yuav sib txawv raws li qhov chaw thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg sau npe uas yog lub hauv paus yog vim li cas.
Xaiv Koj Qhov Chaw Nyob hauv APA Hom Ntawv
Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv uas koj siv hauv koj daim ntawv yuav tsum tau muab teev rau hauv ob txoj kev. Ua ntej, ib daim ntawv citation hauv ntawv yuav tsum raug siv txhua qhov chaw uas koj xa mus rau lwm qhov hauv lub cev ntawm koj daim ntawv. Qhov no feem ntau tau ua tiav los ntawm kev siv lub npe ntawm tus neeg sau thiab lub xyoo ntawv.
Qhov thib ob hais tias qhov chaw yuav tsum tau muab teev rau hauv APA hom yog kom muaj cov lus nug tom kawg ntawm koj daim ntawv uas muab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv rau txhua thiab txhua qhov chaw uas tau teev nyob rau hauv koj lub cev. Nco ntsoov, yog tias koj tau teev ib qho hauv koj daim ntawv, nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv cov lus nug .
Yuav Cite Cov Neeg Sau Ntawv Hauv Cov Ntawv APA
Tsis muaj Tus Sau:
Feem ntau cov khoom, cov ntawv, thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv siv yuav muaj qhov kev sau npe, qee qhov chaw tsis muaj ntaub ntawv sau txog kev sau ntawv. Koj yuav ua li cas rau cov kev pab no hauv APA? Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv sau citations yuav tsum siv lub npe luv luv nrog lub npe ntawm kab ntawv thiab hnub tim.
Thaum lub npe ntawv ntev ntev, tsuas yog siv thawj lo lus los yog ob lub npe.
Piv txwv li:
Txoj kev tshawb no qhia tias muaj kev sib haum xeeb zoo ntawm ob qhov qhob ("Learn APA," 2006).
Ib tug Sau:
Thaum twg ib phau ntawv, ntawv sau los yog lwm qhov chaw sau tsuas yog ib tus neeg sau, tsuas sau tus neeg sau lub npe dhau los tom qab ntawv tshaj tawm.
Piv txwv li:
... cov tub ntxhais kawm tau ua tib zoo nkag siab txog cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv (Jones, 2001).
los yog
Jones (2001) pom hais tias cov tub ntxhais kawm tau ua tib zoo nkag siab txog cov tswv yim thiab cov ntaub ntawv.
Ob tug kws sau ntawv:
Thaum twg ib qhov chaw teev ob tug sau phau ntawv, koj cov ntawv nyob hauv cov ntawv nyeem yuav tsum muab cov npe ntawm ob tus neeg sau thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm.
Piv txwv li:
... tom qab cov kev tshawb fawb pom tias muaj cov nyhuv zoo li ntawd (Ross & Hudson, 2004).
los yog
Ross thiab Hudson (2004) pom muaj qhov zoo sib xws hauv kev tshawb nrhiav tom qab.
Peb rau Rau Cov Neeg Sau Tseg:
Tus qauv APA rau cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj peb mus rau cov neeg sau npe yuav tsum teev cov npe ntawm txhua tus kws sau ntawv thawj zaug uas koj qhia txog qhov chaw thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm.
Piv txwv li:
... tau pom ib qho kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob qho kev hloov (Robsen, Hutchkins, Ru, & Selanis, 1989).
los yog
Robsen, Hutchkins, Ru, & Selanis (1989) pom tias muaj kev sib haum xeeb zoo ntawm ob qhov kev hloov.
Cov ntawv tom ntej yuav tsum sau lub npe ntawm tus neeg sau thawj zaug nrog rau daim ntawv tshaj tawm.
Robsen (1989) qhia tau hais tias muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm ...
los yog
.. kev tshawb nrhiav pom cov teebmeem no (Robsen, li al., 1989).
Xya lossis Ntau Cov Neeg Sau Tseg:
Kev sau lub npe ntawm tus thawj sau npe thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm yuav tsum teev cov ntaub ntawv nrog ntau tshaj xya sau phau ntawv.
Piv txwv li:
... cov tub ntxhais kawm tau ua tau zoo tom qab nyeem ntawv txog hom ntawv APA (Smith et al., 2005).
los yog
Smith et al., (2005) pom tias ...
Cov Koom Haum Ua Cov Neeg Sau Tseg:
Koj tsim li cas hauv cov ntawv nyeem hauv APA thaum tus sau yog ib lub koom haum lossis ib qho chaw?
Nco ntsoov sau tag nrho lub npe ntawm lub koom haum thawj zaug uas koj teev npe rau hauv qhov ntawv. Lub citation tseem yuav tsum muaj cov lus qhia ntawm lub koom haum yog tias muaj ib tug muaj. Cov ntawv sau tau tom qab tuaj yeem sau cov cim thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm.
Piv txwv li:
American Psychological Association (2000) qhia tias ...
los yog
... pom tias cov tub ntxhais kawm tau txais txiaj ntsim zoo (American Psychological Association [APA], 2000).
thiab tom qab cov quag
(APA, 2000).
Nco ntsoov xyuas koj cov lus nug thiab cov ntawv teev cov lus teev npe siv cov Ntawv Qhia Tawm Xovtooj ntawm American Mental Association.
Yuav Cite Cov Phau Ntawv Hauv APA Hom Ntawv
Cov ntawv APA uas koj tau siv rau cov phau ntawv yuav txawv raws li cov sau phau ntawv uas tau sau tseg.
Yog tias phau ntawv muaj ib tus kws sau ntawv, nws tsuas sau tus neeg sau lub npe dhau los tom qab ntawv tshaj tawm. Thaum muaj ntau tshaj li 6 tus kws sau ntawv, lub xeem thiab thawj zaug ntawm tus thawj sau npe ntawm tus kws sau ntawv yuav tsum raug siv, raws li ntawm "et al."
Piv txwv li:
... cov tub ntxhais kawm tau ua tau zoo tom qab nyeem ntawv txog hom ntawv APA (Smith et al., 2005).
los yog
Smith et al., (2005) pom tias ...
APA Sau rau Cov Ntawv Tshaj Xov Xwm, Cov Ntawv Sau, thiab Lwm Lub sijhawm
Thaum koj sau cov khoom nyob rau hauv ib phau ntawv kawm , phau ntawv xov xwm, ntawv xov xwm lossis lwm cov ntawv xov xwm, koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev sau hnub kos npe. Kev thov APA yuav tsum muaj tus sau lub npe, tom qab hnub uas luam tawm.
Piv txwv li:
... raws li Smith thiab Jones (2005) tau piav ...
los yog
... txoj kev tshawb pom pom ib qho kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub qhab nees (Smith & Jones, 2005).
Hauv qee zaus, daim ntawv luam tawm yuav tsis muaj tus sau phau ntawv. Sau lub npe luv luv ntawm tsab xov xwm tom qab hnub uas luam tawm.
Piv txwv li:
... cov kev tshawb pom tau raug qhov kev tshawb fawb dhau los ntawm qhov kev kawm ("New Research," 2009).
Citing cov khoom uas tsis muaj sau:
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas tsis sau, sau lub npe luv luv ntawm tsab xov xwm tom qab hnub luam tawm.
Piv txwv li:
... cov kev tshawb pom tau zoo ib yam li cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los ("New Study," 2003).
Yog tias koj siv cov lus hais ncaj qha, koj daim ntawv thov APA yuav tsum suav cov nplooj ntawv naj npawb uas nrhiav tau qhov chaw. Hauv cov xwm txheej uas koj tab tom xa ib lub koom haum xws li American Psychological Association (APA), sau tawm tag nrho lub npe thawj zaug uas koj qhia qhov chaw. Tag nrho cov lus ceeb toom ntxiv yuav tsum siv cov lus tsim nyog.
APA Tshawb Fawb Rau Hauv Qhov Chaw
Cov pes tsawg daim ntawv uas koj siv rau APA xam rau ntawm cov xov xwm hluav taws xob yog nyob ntawm seb hom twg los siv. Feem ntau, hom ntawv yuav zoo ib yam li cov phau ntawv los yog phau ntawv sau txog xwm txheej, tab sis koj kuj yuav tsum muaj qhov URL ntawm qhov chaw thiab lub hnub nws nkag mus rau hauv nqe lus nug. Kawm ntxiv hauv tsab xov xwm no yuav ua li cas thiaj nplua tau cov khoom hauv APA .
> Source:
> Koom Haum American Association. Ntawv Teev Tseg Phau Ntawv Teev Npe ntawm American Psychological Association (6th ed.) . Washington DC: Cov Koom Haum American Association; Xyoo 2010.