William James tau ua li cas rau thaj tsam ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws?
William James yog ib tus kws paub qab hau thiab kws tshawb fawb uas tau muaj feem xyuam rau txoj kev xav ntawm kev xav hauv lub tebchaws United States. Ntawm nws cov kev ua tiav, nws yog thawj tus los qhia kev kawm psychology hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas thiab feem ntau hu ua leej txiv ntawm American psychology.
James tau kuj paub txog kev koom tes rau kev ua haujlwm, ib qho ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm kev xav hauv kev xav.
Nws phau ntawv The Principles of Psychology yog suav hais tias yog ib feem ntawm cov ntawv tshaj plaws thiab cov ntawv sau hauv psychology zaj keeb kwm. Nws kuj yog tus kwvtij kws sau ntawv Henry James thiab cov neeg txhawb nqa Alice James.
"Cov txuj ci ntawm kev txawj ntse yog qhov kos duab ntawm kev paub tias yuav tsum saib xyuas," William James sau ib zaug. Kawm ntxiv txog nws lub neej, kev ua haujlwm, tswv yim, thiab kev koom tes rau kev xav txog kev xav hauv kev qhia luv luv no.
Zoo Tshaj Plaws Rau
- Pragmatism
- Functionalism
- James-Lange Txoj Kev Ntseeg Siab
- Feem ntau hu ua leej txiv ntawm American psychology
Thaum Ntxov Lub neej
William James tau yug los rau hauv tsev neeg affluent. Nws txiv txaus siab xav txog philosophy thiab theology thiab ua kom nws cov menyuam muaj kev kawm zoo.
Cov me nyuam yaus no tau mus ncig teb chaws Europe ntau zaus, tau mus kawm rau cov tsev kawm ntawv zoo tshaj plaws, thiab tau ua kev cai raus dej thiab kev kos duab, uas yog James James mus ua ib qho ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tshawb fawb thaum tus kwv Henry Henry James ua ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov neeg Amelikas cov neeg tuaj qhuas.
Henry James tau sau txog ntau yam haujlwm zoo nrog rau Portrait ntawm ib tug poj niam thiab Ambassadors .
Thaum ntxov hauv tsev kawm ntawv, William James tau nthuav tawm tias nws nyiam ua tus neeg nyiam. Thaum Henry James Sr. tau hu ua tus txiv neej tsis tau pom thiab tsis muaj leej txiv, nws xav William los kawm science lossis kev xav.
Tsuas yog tom qab William ua siab ntev rau hauv nws qhov kev xav tau Henry tso cai rau nws tus tub mus rau kev kos duab.
Tom qab kawm nrag duab ntawm William Morris Hunt ntau xyoo lawm, James tau tso nws tus npau suav tias nws yog ib tug neeg kos npe thiab kawm Harvard los kawm txog chemistry. Thaum ob tug neeg Yakaunpaus cov kwvtij tau ua haujlwm hauv Amelikas Tsov Rog Thoob Ntoo Tebchaws, William thiab Henry tsis muaj teebmeem kev noj qab haus huv.
Lub sijhawm ntawm Txheej Txheem
- Yug thaum lub Ib Hlis 11, 1842 hauv New York City
- 1869 - Txais MD los ntawm Harvard
- 1875 - Pib kev qhia txog psychology ntawm Harvard
- 1882 - Tuag ntawm William txiv, Henry James Sr
- 1890 - Luam tawm Lub Ntsiab ntawm Psychology
- Xyoo 1892 - Hloov rov mus rau Hugo Munsterberg
- 1897 - Tshaj tawm yuav ntseeg thiab lwm yam dab neeg
- 1907 - Luam tawm Pragmatism thiab raug tso tawm los ntawm Harvard
- Tuag lub Yim Hli 26, 1910 thaum muaj hnub nyoog 68 xyoo
Hauj Lwm
Thaum tsev neeg cov nyiaj pib poob siab, William paub tias nws xav tau los pab nws tus kheej thiab hloov mus rau Harvard Medical School. Tsis zoo siab rau cov tshuaj zoo li, nws tawm ntawm ib qho kev ntoj nto nrog naturalist Louis Agassiz, tab sis qhov kev paub tsis zoo siab.
"Kuv yog, lub cev thiab tus ntsuj plig, nyob rau hauv ntau indescribably hopeless, tsis muaj tsev nyob thiab friendless xeev dua kuv puas xav tau dua," nws tom qab sau.
Kev txom nyem los ntawm kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev nyuab siab heev, James tau siv ob xyoos tom ntej hauv Fab Kis thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees. Lub sijhawm no tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov nws txoj kev xav txog kev xav txog kev xav thiab kev xav. Nws yog thaum lub sij hawm no hais tias nws tau kawm nrog Hermann von Helmholtz thiab tau nce siab xav txog psychology.
Tom qab kawm tiav ntawm Harvard Medical School hauv xyoo 1869, Yakaunpaus tseem rov mus ua kev nyuaj siab. Tom qab lub sijhawm ua tsis zoo, tus thawj coj ntawm Harvard tau qhia Yakaunpaus ib tus xibfwb.
Thaum nws tau hais lus zoo li hais tias "thawj zaug qhuab qhia ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, kuv puas tau hnov tias thawj zaug kuv tau muab," James tau txais txoj hauj lwm thiab tau mus qhia rau Harvard tom ntej 35 xyoo.
Ntxiv nrog rau nws txoj kev pab tseem ceeb, James tau pab tus qauv ntawm kev xav psychology los ntawm kev qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm uas dhau los ntawm nws chav kawm.
James kuj nrhiav tau ib tus thawj lub chaw soj ntsuam kabmob hauv Tebchaws Meskas.
Nws cov phau ntawv coj dawb huv (Principles of Psychology ) (1890) tau nthuav dav heev, tab sis qee cov tseem ceeb ntawm James tus kheej, kev sau ntaub ntawv.
"Nws yog cov ntaub ntawv," kws kho mob psychologist Wilhelm Wundt tau hais txog, "nws zoo nkauj, tab sis nws tsis yog psychology."
Ob xyoos tom qab, James tau luam tawm ib txoj haujlwm uas hu ua Psychology: Phau Ntawv Qhia Nyuaj . Ob phau ntawv tau siv los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm kev xav thiab paub txog feem ntau li "James" thiab "Jimmy" feem.
William James Theories
James 'theoretical contributions rau psychology muaj xws li cov hauv qab no:
Pragmatism
Yakaunpaus tau sau txog kev xav txog pragmatism. Raws li pragmatism, qhov tseeb ntawm ib lub tswv yim yeej tsis muaj pov thawj. Yakaunpaus tau hais kom peb hloov siab rau qhov nws hu ua "nyiaj ntsuab," lossis qhov tseem ceeb, ntawm ib lub tswv yim.
Functionalism
James tawm tsam kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev xav hauv nruab siab thiab rhuav tshem cov txheej xwm kev mob hlwb rau cov ntsiab lus tsawg tshaj plaws. Es tsis txhob, James tau tsom ntsoov rau qhov kev ua siab dav, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus cwj pwm.
James-Lange Txoj Kev Ntseeg Siab
James-Lange txoj kev xav ntawm lub siab xav tau hais tias qhov kev tshwm sim ua rau muaj kev mob tshwm sim, uas peb txhais tau. Raws li txoj kev xav no, cov cwj pwm txawv yog tshwm sim los ntawm peb cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov kev mob ntawm lub cev. Ob James thiab Danish physiologist Carl Lange nws tus kheej npaj cov kev tshawb xav.
Nws Ntxim rau Psychology
Ntxiv nrog rau nws txoj kev loj, ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawv James tau mus kawm txog kev txawj ntse thiab kev coj tus kheej los ntawm kev xav txog psychology. Ib txhia ntawm James 'cov tub ntxhais kawm kuj muaj Mary Whiton Calkins , Edward Thorndike , G. Stanley Hall , thiab John Dewey .
Tej Hauj Lwm ntawm William James
- James, W. (1890). Cov Ntsiab Cai ntawm Psychology. Cov hoob kawm hauv keeb kwm ntawm Psychology, yog ib qho muaj txiaj ntsim hauv Internet uas yog tsim los ntawm Christopher D. Green University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.
- James, W. (1897). Tus Yuav Ntseeg.
- James, W. (1907). Pragmatism: Ib Lub Npe tshiab rau Qee Kev Qiv Siab. New York: Longman Green thiab Co.
Biographies ntawm William James
- Myers, G. (2001). William James: Nws lub neej thiab kev xav. Yale University Xovxwm.
- Ximoos, L. (1999). Txoj Kev Muaj Tseeb: Ib Txoj Haujlwm ntawm William James. University of Chicago Xovxwm.
> Qhov chaw:
> Hergenhahn, BR, Henley, T. Ib qho Taw Qhia Txog Keeb Kwm ntawm Psychology. Wadsworth Cengage Learning; 2013.