Mary Whiton Calkins yog ib tug neeg puas hlwb hauv Miskas uas tau los ua thawj cov pojniam Thawj Coj ntawm American Psychological Association. Thaum nws ua tiav daim ntawv kawm tiav doctorate hauv psychology los ntawm Harvard, lub tsev kawm ntawv tsis kam muab nws daim ntawv vim nws yog ib tug poj niam. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau los ua tus qauv zoo hauv kev loj hlob ntawm kev xav txog kev xav thiab qhia ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm los ntawm nws txoj haujlwm nyob hauv Wellesley College.
Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws Ua Ntej
- Tus Khoos Tshua
- Ua daim ntawv hais txog cov khub ob leeg
- Thawj tus poj niam APA Thawj Tswj Hwm
Lub sijhawm ntawm Txheej Txheem
- Yug hauv lub Peb Hlis 30, 1863 hauv Hartford, Connecticut.
- 1884 - Kawm tiav los ntawm Smith College.
- 1887 - Pib qhia Greek tom Wellesley College.
- 1890 - Pib mus koom cov kev hais lus hauv Harvard qhia los ntawm William James thiab Josiah Royce.
- 1892 - Tso cai rau Harvard ua tus "qhua."
- 1895 - Tshaj tawm tswv yim rau Harvard kws qhia ntawv, tiam sis tsis tau txais ib daim ntawv pov thawj.
- Xyoo 1927 - So tawm ntawm Wellesley College.
- Tuag rau Lub Ob Hlis 26, 1930 ntawm kev mob khees xaws.
Thaum Ntxov Xyoo
Mary Whiton Calkins pib Smith College thaum xyoo 1882 los ua ib tus sophomore. Lub sijhawm 1883 nws tus muam tau coj mus rau ib lub tsev kawm ntawv ntev, tiam sis nws tseem kawm ntxiv los ntawm kev kawm ntiav. Calkins xa rov qab mus rau Smith College thaum xyoo 1884 thiab kawm tiav nrog rau kev kawm hauv cov chav kawm thiab lub tswv yim.
Hauv Pursuit of Psychology:
Tom qab kawm tiav ntawm Smith College, Mary Whiton Calkins tau ntiav los qhia Greek tom Wellesley College.
Nws tau qhia peb xyoos rau thaum nws tau qhia nws tau qhia txoj hauj lwm qhia nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam tshiab ntawm kev xav.
Yuav kom qhia tau hauv psychology, nws yuav tsum tau kawm qhov kev kawm tsawg kawg ib xyoos. Qhov teeb meem nrog qhov no yog tias muaj ob peb yam kev pabcuam psychology nyob rau lub sijhawm, thiab txawm tsawg dua uas yuav txais cov pojniam thov.
Nws pib xav kawm txawv teb chaws tab sis tso tseg ntawd lub tswv yim. Nyob ze thiab tsis muaj ib qho kev tshawb fawb txog kev puas siab puas ntsws los ntawm nws mus kawm hauv Yale thiab University of Michigan.
Tom qab raug caw los ntawm William James mus koom qee qhov nws cov lus qhuab qhia hauv Harvard, Calkins tau thov kom nws raug tso cai rau zaum ntawm-ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia. Nws yog thawj zaug tsis kam los ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm Harvard, tab sis ob leeg nws txiv thiab tus Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Wellesley College sau ntawv mus rau Harvard rau nws.
Qhov kev thov tau pom zoo rau xyoo 1890, txawm tias cov ntaub ntawv hauv university tau sau tseg tias "los ntawm qhov kev lees paub no yog Miss Calkins tsis yog tus menyuam kawm ntawv hauv University tau sau npe" (Furumoto, 1980). Thaum Harvard, nws tau mus koom cov lectures uas tau muab los ntawm William James thiab Josiah Royce thiab kawm txog kev sim psychology nrog Dr. Edmund Sanford ntawm Clark University.
Nws tseem xav mus nrhiav nws cov kev tshawb fawb txog psychology, Calkins rov thov kom nws raug tso cai kawm Harvard nrog Hugo Munsterberg . Nws qhov kev thov tau raug tso cai rau xyoo 1892, tab sis nrog rau qhov kev lees paub tias nws tau tuaj koom ua ib tug qhua, tsis yog raws li ib tug menyuam kawm ntawv.
Kev Ua Haujlwm:
Ntawm Harvard, Calkins tau tsim txoj haujlwm ua khub ua haujlwm uas koom nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm ua ke ntawm cov xim sib txawv thiab cov zauv, tom qab ntawd yuav tau xeem cov cim uas muaj cov lej uas muaj xim.
Cov txheej txheem tau siv los kawm txog kev nco thiab tom qab luam tawm Edward B. Titchener , uas tau thov credit rau nws txoj kev loj hlob.
Xyoo 1895, nws tau qhia nws zaj lus, Ib qho kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm lub koom txoos tswv yim, rau ib pawg neeg kawm tiav nrog William James, Josiah Royce, thiab Hugo Munsterberg. Txawm tias muaj kev pom zoo los ntawm pawg neeg thias, Harvard tseem tsis kam muab Calkins rau qhov nws tau txais.
Tom qab ntawd tib xyoo, Calkins tau rov qab los rau hauv Wellesley College uas nws tseem qhia ntxiv mus txog thaum nws retire xyoo 1927.
Txoj kev koom tes rau Psychology
Nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm, Calkins tau sau ntau tshaj li 100 yam ntawm cov ncauj lus hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev xav.
Tsis tas li ntawd, yog thawj tug poj niam thawj tswj hwm ntawm American Psychological Association, Calkins kuj tau ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm American Philosophical Association hauv xyoo 1918.
Ntawm nws txoj kev koom tes tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev xav txog kev puas siab puas ntsws yog lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ua ke thiab nws txoj hauj lwm hauv tus kheej txoj kev xav. Calkins ntseeg tias qhov pib ntawm tus kheej yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev xav txog kev xav. Dua li ntawm Mary Whiton Calkins txoj kev koom tes, Harvard tswj nws qhov kev tsis pom zoo los txhawb qhov uas nws tau txais thiab nws txoj kev xav ntawm kev xav txog kev puas siab puas ntsws yog kev cuam tshuam los ntawm ob tug kws tshawb fawb thiab tub ntxhais kawm.
Cov Kev Xaiv Ua Haujlwm ntawm Mary Mary Whiton Calkins
Calkins, Mary Whiton. (1892). Kawm Psychology ntawm Wellesley College. American Journal of Psychology , 5, 464-271.
Calkins, Mary Whiton (1908a). Psychology raws li kev kawm ntawm tus kheej. KUV: Yog nws tus kheej lub cev los yog nws lub cev? Phau Ntawv ntawm Philosophy, Kev Ntse thiab Kev Ntse , 5, 12-20.
Calkins, Mary Whiton. (1915). Tus kheej nyob rau hauv scientific psychology. American Journal of Psychology , 26, 495-524.
Calkins, Mary Whiton. (1930). Daim ntawv tso cai ntawm Mary Whiton Calkins. Hauv C. Murchison (Ed.), Keeb Kwm ntawm Kev Psychology hauv Autobiography (Cuv 1, phab 31-62). Worcester, MA: Clark University Press.
References: Furumoto, L. (1980). Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930). Psychology ntawm Cov Poj Niam Peb Lub Hlis, 5, 55-68.