Pioneer ntawm Applied Psychology
"Zaj dab neeg ntawm lub siab lub hlwb yuav tsum tau hais nyob rau hauv peb cov lus: tsis muaj dua." - Hugo Münsterberg
Hugo Münsterberg yog ib tug German psychologist feem ntau hu ua tus pioneer ntawm kev siv psychology, nrog rau industrial-organizational, clinical, thiab forensic psychology.
Thaum Ntxov Lub neej
Hugo Münsterberg yug hauv Danzig, lub teb chaws Yelemees (tam sim no Gdansk, Poland), nyob rau lub rau Hli Ntuj hnub tim 1, xyoo 1863, rau ib tug tub luam thiab tus niam tsev.
Tsev neeg tau muaj kev sib hlub ntawm txuj ci yeeb yam thiab Münsterberg tau raug txhawb kom tshawb cov nkauj, ntaub ntawv, thiab kos duab. Thaum nws muaj 12 xyoos, nws niam dhau mus lawm. Nws niam txoj kev tuag tau hloov loj heev hauv tus tub lub neej, hloov nws mus rau ib tug tub hluas. Münsterberg sau paj huam, ntaus cov cello, luam tawm tsev kawm ntawv cov ntawv xov xwm thiab ua raws li hauv zos plays. Xyoo 1880, nws txiv tau dhau mus.
Tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm Gymnasium ntawm Danzig nyob rau hauv 1882, nws tau tso npe rau hauv University of Leipzig. Thaum nws pib pib kawm psychology , Møsterberg tom qab nws tig nws cov tshuaj. Tom qab ntsib psychology pioneer Wilhelm Wundt , leej twg xav kom nws ua ib feem ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev xav hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, Münsterberg txiav txim siab los ua nws tus kheej rau txoj kev kawm txog kev xav ntawm psychology. Nws khwv tau nws Ph.D. hauv Psychology hauv xyoo 1885 hauv Wundt qhov kev kawm thiab tau txais daim ntawv kawm tiav ntawm University of Heidelberg hauv 1887.
Hauj Lwm
Xyoo 1887, Münsterberg tau txais ib txoj haujlwm ua ib tus xibfwb qhia ntawv thiab ib tug xibfwb qhia ntawv hauv University of Freiburg thiab tom qab luam tawm ib lub suab lus me me txog Yam Ntxim Saib Ntxim Ua . Phau ntawv no tau raug thuam los ntawm Wundt, thiab cov kws kho mob hlwb Edward Titchener , uas tau sau hais tias, "Dr. Münsterberg muaj qhov khoom plig rau kev sau ntawv yooj yim-tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb ... qhov tseeb yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws."
Tus kws tshawb fawb American James James , ntawm qhov kev sib tshuam, tau zoo heev los ntawm Münsterberg lub tswv yim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim lawv txaus siab rau James tus kheej txoj kev xav ntawm kev xav.
Xyoo 1891, Münsterberg tau los ua tus pab xibfwb hauv University of Leipzig. Xyoo tib lub sijhawm, nws tau mus koom lub rooj zaum thib 1 ntawm International Psychology hauv Paris, Fabkis, qhov uas nws ntsib James James. Qhov ob ntxiv mus sib ntsib thiab sib ntsib heev li thiab nyob rau xyoo 1892, James tau nug Münsterberg kom saib xyuas lub hlwb ntawm Harvard. Vim nws tsis paub lus Askiv hais lus tsis zoo thaum lub sij hawm, nws feem ntau tseem nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb thiab luam tawm nws cov hauj lwm hauv German. James McKeen Cattell tau hais tias Münsterberg lub chaw kuaj pom tias "tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau Amelikas".
Tom qab peb lub xyoos rau ntawm qhov chaw kuaj mob, Münsterberg tau muaj kev cob qhia ruaj khov. Nws tsis lees txais qhov kev xaiv thiab tau xaiv los es tsis txhob rov qab mus rau Tebchaws Europe. Ob xyoos tom qab, nws rov qab mus rau Harvard, qhov chaw uas nws tseem ua haujlwm rau nws lub neej. Nyob rau hauv 1898, nws tau raug xaiv tsa thawj coj ntawm lub koom haum American Psychological Association .
Nws txoj kev txhawb nqa rau lub teb chaws Yelemees thaum lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Kuv ua rau nws xav txog kev thuam ntau, ob leeg hauv xovxwm thiab lwm cov kws qhia ntawv hauv Harvard. Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 16, 1916, Hugo Münsterberg tau tuag ploj tuag heev ntawm qhov mob hnyuv loj heev, nws tau tawg ua ntej nws ua tiav nws qhov kab lus qhib rau ntawm Radcliffe.
Txoj kev koom tes rau Psychology
Münsterberg yog qhia txog nws lub zog ntawm kev siv psychology, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog soj ntsuam, forensic thiab industrial psychology. Nws 1909 daim ntawv hu ua "Psychology and Market" tau hais tias kev siv psychology yuav siv ntau yam kev lag luam nrog kev tswj hwm, kev txiav txim siab ua haujlwm, kev tshaj tawm, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm. Nws tshawb nrhiav tau tom qab nws cov phau ntawv Psychology thiab Industrial Efficiency (1913), uas pom tias cov neeg ua haujlwm ntiav neeg ua haujlwm uas muaj tus cwj pwm zoo thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo tshaj plaws rau hom kev ua haujlwm yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los txhawb kev txhawb zog, kev ua haujlwm, thiab tuav tseg.
Hugo Münsterberg yog qhov paub zoo txog nws txoj kev koom tes rau kev kho mob nkeeg . Nws phau ntawv 1908 Nyob ntawm tus Timkhawv sawv ntsug kom meej meej hais tias kev xav ntawm lub hlwb puas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev sib tw. Hauv phau ntawv, nws tau tham txog cov teeb meem tim khawv, kev lees paub lus dag, thiab kev nug.
Thaum nws lub zog rau kev xav txog kev puas siab puas ntsws yog tsis muaj lus nug, nws txoj kev xav rau cov poj niam raug nquag criticized. Thaum nws ntseeg hais tias cov poj niam yuav tsum tau txais kev kawm qib siab, nws xav tias kev kawm tiav kev kawm dhau los yog nyuaj thiab xav tau. Nws kuj hais tias cov poj niam yuav tsum tsis txhob cia lawv ua hauj lwm rau juries vim lawv yog "... tsis paub meej txog kev sib cav."
Nws lub luag haujlwm ua tus neeg sawv cev rau nws tus kheej tau hais rau lub teb chaws Yelemees thaum lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb ua rau nws muaj lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsis txaus siab ntawm ntau tus thiab tej zaum piav txog vim li cas nws lub neej tseem ceeb raug tso tseg thiab tsis tso tseg rau ntau xyoo. Raws li David Hothersall tau hais, thaum lub sijhawm ntawm Münsterberg tuag nws "ntxub los ntawm Asmeskas ntau dua li cov kws kho mob ua ntej los yog txij li hnub ntawd." Txawm tias ntau cov phau ntawv keeb kwm psychology txog qhov chaw me me mus rau Münsterberg thiab nws lub hwj, nws lub tswv yim txuas ntxiv thiab pab txhawb rau kev xav txog kev xav.
Cov Ntawv Tshaj Lij Xaiv
Hugo Münsterberg tau luam tawm ntau cov hauj lwm, nrog rau:
- Münsterberg, H. 1908. Ntawm tus Timkhawv Muag. New York: Doubleday
- Münsterberg, H. 1908. Psychology thiab Crime. London: TF Unwin
- Münsterberg, H. 1909. Qhov Kev Ntseeg Nyob Mus Ib Txhis. Boston: Houghton Mifflin
- Münsterberg, H. 1909. Hlwb. New York: Moffat, Yard
- Münsterberg, H. [1913] 2005. Psychology thiab Industrial Efficiency. Adamant Media Corporation
- Münsterberg, H. 1914. Psychology thiab Social Sanity. London: TF Unwin
Qhov chaw:
Domingue, E. & Rardon, J. (2002) Hugo Munsterberg. Earlham College, http://www.earlham.edu/~dominel/webpage.htm.
Hothersall, D. (1995). Keeb Kwm Ntawm Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Schultz, DP, & Schultz, SE (2004). Keeb Kwm Ntawm Kev Psychology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Nyaum, William. (1917). Hugo Munsterberg: Hauv memoriam. Phau Ntawv Thov Kev Psychology, 1 (2), Lub Rau Hli, 1917, 186-188.