Cov pa roj carbon monoxide (TSNAs) yog ib yam ntawm cov roj ntsha tshaj plaws hauv cov khoom luam yeeb. Lawv nyias muaj nyias haus luam yeeb thiab muaj yeeb nkab, haus luam yeeb, luam yeeb, luam yeeb, luam yeeb, thiab cov luam yeeb hauv cigarette. Feem ntau ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm luam yeeb thiab luam yeeb haus luam yeeb txawm li cas los xij, vim tias muaj ntau cov neeg haus luam yeeb thoob qab ntuj.
Dab tsi yog TSNAs thiab qhov twg lawv tuaj?
Lub IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) tau nrhiav tau 8 yam nitrosamines luam yeeb hauv luam yeeb thiab haus luam yeeb.
Ob ntawm lawv tau raug cais raws li Group 1 carcinogens, uas txhais tau hais tias lawv ua rau mob cancer hauv tib neeg.
- N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN)
- 4-methyl-N-nitrosamino-1- (3-pyridyl) -1-butanone (NNK)
Ib qho metabolite ntawm NNK, NNAL kuj yog ib qho mob carcinogen, thiab tau pom nyob rau hauv cov neeg ntawm cov pa luamyeeb ntawm cov pa luamyeeb, txawm tias lawv haus luam yeeb lossis tsis haus.
Los ntawm Nitrates rau Nitrosamines
Ntsuab haus luam yeeb tawm ntawm thaj chaw yuav tsum muaj nitrates los ntawm cov chiv siv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, thiab mus rau qhov qis dua, ntawm cov zaub hauv av tau loj hlob hauv. Nws tsis muaj TSNAs tiam sis-tsawg, tseem tsis tau.
Nitrates hauv cov yeeb nkab yauv raug hloov mus rau qhov txaus ntshai haus luam yeeb nitrosamines thaum haus luam yeeb (thiab cov nicotine hauv nws) yog fermented thiab kho. Kev ua yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv ob peb txoj kev, los ntawm huab cua los yog cua sov, thiab cov qhab-nees yuav ua rau theem siab lossis tsawg dua ntawm nitrosamines.
TSNAs muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom haus luam yeeb tiav, uas thaum kawg ua lawv txoj kev mus rau cov neeg haus luam yeeb 'lub cev, qhov uas lawv pab ntau hom mob cancer.
Yuav Ua Li Cas TSNAs Hurt Cov Neeg Nyab Laj?
TSNAs yog cov mob carcinogens uas yog txuas rau ntau hom kab mob qog nqaij hlav.
Mob ntsws cancer tau pom tias yuav zoo li txuas rau NNK, tshwj xeeb yog, adenocarcinoma, uas yog hom kab mob ntsws cancer tshaj plaws.
Lwm cov qog nqaij hlav nrog TSNAs muaj xws li:
- Mob qog nqaij hlav hauv qhov ncauj
- Tus mob cancer hauv esophageal
- Mob qog nqaij hlav cancer
- Pancreatic cancer
Yeej muaj kev txhawj xeeb uas TSIS tshwm sim los ntawm kev mob qog nqaij hlav hauv lub ncauj tsev menyuam, vim cov carcinogens tau pom nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm cov hnoos qeev ntawm cov poj niam uas haus luam yeeb.
TSNAs Tau (thiab Yuav Tsum) Tau Txais Cov Khoom Luam Yeeb
Cov kws tshawb fawb paub tias TSNA theem hauv kev lag luam luam txawv heev, thoob ntiaj teb. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog ntau-faceted. Kev haus luam yeeb, kev ua liaj ua teb hauv kev haus luam yeeb, thiab kev haus luam yeeb zoo li cas thaum nws tawm ntawm thaj chaw tag nrho ua si hauv cov roj ntsha-uas ua rau nitrosamines nyob hauv cov yeeb nkab tas.
Burley haus luam yeeb (tseem hu ua Dawb Burley haus luam yeeb) thiab txoj kev ua dej ntws tuaj yeem tshwm sim los tsim cov nyiaj siab tshaj TSNAs, raws li cov neeg soj ntsuam.
Tsev Neeg Kev Haus Luam Yeeb thiab Kev Haus Luam Yeeb Tsav Kevcai Tswj Fwm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Lub Tuam Txhab Tswj Zaub Mov thiab Tshuaj Yeeb Meem yog lub hwj chim los tswj cov khoom haus luam yeeb. Cov neeg tshawb xyuas no hu rau cov qauv kev tsim ua khoom lag luam uas yuav txo cov theem cov TSIA cov tshuaj MRCC kom muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw rau cov khoom haus luam yeeb.
Ua Luam Yeeb Li Cas?
Burley haus luam yeeb yog cua-kho , uas suav cov kab txiav luam yeeb nyob hauv ib lub tsev uas muaj huab cua zoo. Cov luam yeeb yog cia qis qis qis dua li ib mus rau ob lub hlis.
Cov dej cawv tsim tawm ua kom muaj suab thaj, muaj cov yeeb nkab nicotine. Cov luam yeeb thiab cov cig zis yog cov cua zoo.
Kev haus luam yeeb yog ib qho txheej txheem uas muaj cov luam yeeb tshiab uas tau muab tso rau hauv cov khib nyiab thiab kho nrog lub tshav kub mus rau ib lub thawv hluav taws sab nraud. Txoj kev ua no yuav ua rau tus neeg haus luam yeeb ua kom tsis txhob raug pa luam yeeb. Hauv xyoo 1960, lub thawv hluav taws tau hloov nrog lub qhov cub cua sov. Txoj hau kev no ua rau luam yeeb uas siab heev nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus qab zib thiab nruab nrab rau cov ntsiab lus nicotine. Cov luam yeeb feem ntau yog cov dej cawv.
Lwm cov kev haus luam yeeb muaj xws li:
Hluav taws-curing , qhov chaw uas muaj teeb meem hnyav heev hauv qhov cub nrog haus luam yeeb.
Kev haus luam yeeb hluav taws tuaj yeem siv sij hawm ntau hnub los sis ib lim piam nyob ntawm qhov luam yeeb thiab seb nws tau npaj dab tsi. Cov yeeb nkab, zom thiab cig luam yeeb yog hluav taws kub. Qee cov luam yeeb kuj yog tsim los ntawm cov luam yeeb. Kev haus luam yeeb hluav taws muaj tsawg tsawg hauv qab zib thiab siab nyob rau hauv nicotine.
Hnub tiv thaiv yuav ua rau cov pa luam yeeb tawm mus rau lub hnub kom qhuav. Siv nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Mediterranean, hom no tsim tawm li cas yog hu ua Oriental haus luam yeeb. Nws tsis muaj suab thaj thiab nicotine. Cov luam yeeb ntawm Turkish yog 100 feem pua ntawm cov neeg tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm Oriental haus luam yeeb. Cigars, yeeb nkab yeeb nkab, cig lwj thiab chew kuj tau nrog Oriental haus luam yeeb.
Cov xwm txheej uas cuam tshuam rau TSNAs hauv kev haus luam yeeb thiab luam yeeb yuav tuaj yeem tswj hwm thiab tiv thaiv cov neeg haus luam yeeb thiab cov neeg haus luam yeeb uas raug cigarette haus ntau li ntau tau.
Lwm Yam Cov Kab Mob Hauv Lub Cev Luam Yeeb
Ntxiv rau TSNAs, 10 cov tshuaj carcinogenic uas hu ua PAHs thiab cov amines amines tseem xav tau los ua si rau txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv tib neeg. Ob leeg TSNA thiab PAHs yuav raug txo kom tsawg hauv cov khoom luam yeeb.
Txog hnub tim, kev tshawb fawb tau qhia txog 70 feem pua cov kab mob carcinogenic hauv luam yeeb thiab luam yeeb, suav nrog 60 uas muaj haus luam yeeb hauv yeeb thiab yam tsawg kawg 16 uas nyob hauv cov yeeb nkab uas tsis muaj hnub nyug. Tus IARC teev 10 PAHs, 8 TSNAs thiab 45 lwm tus carcinogens li cov neeg mob carcinogens, thiab kev tshawb nrhiav tseem muaj ntxiv.
Luam Yeeb Siv thoob plaws ntiaj teb
Luam yeeb ua rau ib tug neeg nyob hauv ntiaj teb niaj hnub no tuag, kwv yees li ntawm 6 plhom lub neej poob txhua xyoo rau ib qho ua rau peb tswj hwm.
Yog tias tam sim no peb kawm ntxiv, tus naj npawb no yuav tsum cog qoob loo li 10 lab haus luam yeeb kaum xyoo 2020, thiab 70 feem pua ntawm kev poob qis los ntawm cov teb chaws tsis tau tsim tsis muaj kev tswj hwm haus luam yeeb.
Kev kawm txog kev phom sij ntawm kev siv luam yeeb thiab kev txhawb nqa rau cov neeg txiav tawm yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev hloov qhov sib txawv no.
Lo Lus Ntawm
Tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev haus luam yeeb. Nws yog huab cua lom, thiab thaum nws nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw, nws tsim cov co toxins uas paub tias peb haus luam yeeb .
Yog tias koj tseem haus luam yeeb thiab xav txiav luam yeeb, pib ntawm qhov laj thawj yog vim li cas koj thiaj tsim nyog , thiab siv cov kev pab hauv qab no kom pib nrog kev haus luam yeeb tawm.
Tsis tas li ntawd, tso tseg nyob rau hauv peb kev haus luam yeeb kev them nyiaj yug rau cov lus qhia los ntawm lwm tus neeg haus luam yeeb uas tau los ntawm koj tus kheej, los yog tau muaj thiab tau muab suab tswv yim. Koj tuaj yeem nyeem lossis koom nrog qhov kev sib tham uas tau ua. Qhov twg los xij, koj qhov kev txiav txim siab yuav raug ntau.
Txiav luam yeeb yuav siv qee yam haujlwm, tab sis qhov tsis xis nyob yog ib ntus.
Tsis txhob ntshai haus luam yeeb . Xav tias nws yog ib lub pob zeb coj mus rau lub neej zoo dua.
Qhov chaw:
American Association rau Cancer Research. Kev Luam Yeeb Txog Kev Haus Luam Yeeb Nitrosamines thiab Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons hauv Cov Kev Haus Luam Haus Hauv Nruab Nrab los ntawm Ntau Yam Tobacco. Kaum Ob Hlis, 2008.
American Association rau Cancer Research. Nws yog Lub Sij Hawm Txog Kev Tswj Cov Khoom Haus Naus Taus Cov Nuaj Tshuaj Hauv Cov Cigarette. Lub Xya Hli, 2014
International Agency rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm Cancer. Cov Tuam Txhab Qib Classified los ntawm IARC Monographs, Volume 1-117.
International Tobacco Growers Association. Hom Tshuaj Luam Yeeb.
Kev Siv Luam Yeeb. British Medical Journal. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov Nitrosamines uas ploj lawm: Lub Ntiaj Teb Tus Phenomenon Pheej Yug. Lub Ib Hlis 8, 2004.