Koj Mindset thiab Ib Puag Ncig Kev Nyuaj Siab Txawm tias koj tau ua txhaum
Kev siv tus heroin puas muaj peev xwm ua tau? Ntau cov neeg siv tshuaj yeeb xav tias seb puas muaj tus heroin tswj kev siv - ua si siv tus heroin tsis muaj kev quav yeeb quav - yog ua tau. Txawm hais tias qhov no yog qhov chaw tshawb fawb ntawm qhov kev tiv thaiv, thiab cov kev tshawb fawb feem ntau rau cov neeg siv cov heroin raug mob thiab raug mob los ntawm cov teeb meem loj, muaj kev tshawb nrhiav qhia tias qee cov neeg siv cov heroin tau tawm nrog qee zaum siv tus heroin uas tsis muaj kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj.
Kev tshawb nrhiav dab tsi
Norman Zinberg ntawm Harvard Medical School ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg siv yeeb tshuaj rau ntau tshaj nees nkaum xyoo thiab tshawb nrhiav txog cov neeg uas siv tshuaj txhaum cai, xws li heroin . Nws pom tias tsis tag nrho cov neeg siv yeeb tshuaj siv ploj tswj lawv txoj kev siv thiab ua neeg quav yeeb quav tshuaj, thiab qhov teeb tsa thiab qhov teeb meem yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab seb puas yog ib tug neeg tswj kev siv yeeb tshuaj.
Teeb thiab qhov chaw, lub sij hawm uas hais txog kev puas hlwb ntawm ib tug neeg siv yeeb tshuaj, los yog "teeb", thiab ib cheeb tsam uas siv yeeb tshuaj, los yog "chaw," tau pom tias muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg uas siv qaug tshuaj yeeb ua rau kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj rau lawv.
Txawm li ntawd los 1962, Dr. Zinberg tau pom tias cov kws kho mob tsis kam muab cov tshuaj noj tshuaj rau cov neeg mob uas xav tau nws, vim ntshai tsam cov neeg mob yuav raug quav tshuaj. Txawm li no ntshai los ntawm kev noj kev haus thiab kev xav ntawm cov kws kho mob, tsis yog qhov tseeb.
Nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag, Zinberg pom tias tsawg heev cov neeg mob hauv tsev kho mob los ua kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj. Qhov no yog Zinberg thawj qhov kev paub txog tias qhov chaw muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam txog kev tiv thaiv tom ntej.
Kev Phem Rau Cov Kws Kho Mob
Thaum peb xav kom cov kws kho mob ua lub hom phiaj thiab ncaj ncees thaum lawv saib lawv cov neeg mob, tsis muaj dab tsi los ntawm qhov tseeb.
Tsis ntev tas los no cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov kws kho mob muaj ntau qhov kev ywj pheej nyob ntawm cov tshuaj noj tshuaj opiate, nrog lawv saib ntawm cov neeg mob uas lawv xav tias sau cov tshuaj siv tshuaj kho rau cov neeg uas tau pom tias "tsim nyog mob cov neeg mob", thiab cov uas muaj pom tias yog "kev nrhiav tshuaj."
Cov kws kho mob feem ntau ntseeg tias txiav txim rau cov neeg mob hauv txoj kev no yog ib feem ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm, raws li lawv ntsuas qhov nqi ntawm qhov mob ntawm "mob" mob cov neeg mob thaum lub sijhawm tsis pub kom lawv muaj peev xwm pab tau cov neeg quav yeeb tshuaj.
Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav tus nees ej British heroin nyob rau xyoo 1960, thaum tus nees ej yuav raug cai rau cov neeg uas muaj kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj, Zinberg pom tias muaj ob hom kev lom yeeb tus heroin - cov neeg uas tau tswj xyuas lawv txoj kev siv, thiab muaj lub neej muaj txiaj ntsim thiab ua tau zoo , thiab cov neeg uas tau tswj tsis tau rau hauv lawv txoj kev siv, pom lawv tus kheej raws li cov teeb meem, thiab muaj kev tsim txom lub neej.
Tiam sis ua ntej lub txim txhaum heroin nyob teb chaws Aas Kiv, tsis yog hom twg tsis yog kev tsim kev tsis ncaj ncees, kev ua txhaum, los yog pej xeem sib cav. Ib zaug ntxiv, Zinberg pom qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm txoj cai lij choj ntawm heroin hauv tebchaws Britain.
Zinberg tseem kawm txog tus heroin siv los ntawm distraught American troops hauv Nyab Laj, uas yog ntau dhau thiab tsis tswj, thiab nws tau pom los ntawm kev tawm dag zog "qhov tawm tsam" qhov teeb meem uas lawv tau muaj ntawd. Thaum lawv rov qab mus tsev thiab tawm ntawm kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm Nyab Laj, 88% tsis pom zoo siv tus heroin, tab sis muaj coob tus teeb meem.
Powell, ib tug neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Zinberg tus, pom tias nws tau ua rau tib neeg siv heroin nkaus xwb - ib pawg hu ua "chippers." Cov neeg no tau siv kev sib raug zoo nrog cov phooj ywg uas tsis yog siv yeeb tshuaj, thiab siv ceev xwmphem tswj lawv tus heroin, txiav rov qab sai li sai tau thaum lawv pom cov cim qhia tias kev vam khom.
Txoj kev tshawb no pom tau hais tias kev siv tus heroin yog qhov ua tau.
Yuav ua li cas tus neeg siv kev sib tsuam Heroin
Raws li Zinberg txoj hauj lwm tau nce mus, nws tau npaj siab tias ob qho tseem ceeb ntawm qhov "chaw" ntawm kev siv yeeb tshuaj yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txwv thiab kev tswj ntawm kev siv. Cov kev sib raug zoo yog cov rituals thiab kev rau txim. Rituals yog cov cwj pwm ntawm kev coj cwj pwm, thiab kev rau txim yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg siv yeeb tshuaj, thiab lawv cov cai tswj kev coj ua. Kev txwv yog suav cov cai tswj uas muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev noj qab haus huv, xws li kev cai lij choj , thiab lawv kuj muaj cov cai siv tsis raug, cov cai ntawm cov neeg siv yeeb tshuaj uas txwv tsis pub siv cov tshuaj, xws li kev paub txog koj txoj kev txwv.
Xyoo tom qab, cov tswv yim pib npaj siab los ntawm Zinberg yog tam sim no thaum kawg tau pom nyob rau hauv qhov kev ntsuas ntawm kev quav tshuaj . Qhov Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Tsib Ib Tsab Ntawv, kuj hu ua DSM-V lossis DSM-5, ua qhov kev sib txawv ntawm kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv opioid, uas yog kev siv tshuaj yeeb-tshuaj thiab kev siv compulsive, thiab kev siv lub cev ntawm kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv , uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau ib tus neeg twg uas txo lossis siv tsum kev siv tshuaj opioid, suav nrog tib neeg noj tshuaj opioid uas tsis muaj kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj.
Txawm tias qhov kev tshawb fawb no, feem ntau ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias tus nees ej yog ib qho yeeb tshuaj zoo, feem ntau yog ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv mus sij hawm ntev, muaj teeb meem loj hauv lub neej muaj feem xyuam nrog kev siv, thiab kev muaj peev xwm rov huam mob. Yog tias koj tsis tau noj tus nees ej ua ntej, nws muaj kev ruaj ntseg tsis txhob raug nws.
Cov chaw
Mental Association Association. Diagnostic thiab Ntawv Qhia Tawm Ntawm Cov Kev Xiam Hlwb Xeeb Meem (Tsib Ib Tsav). Washington DC: Koom haum Miskas American Association, 2013.
Powell, D. "Ib txoj kev kawm ntawm cov neeg siv cov heroin." Arch Psychiatry 28 (4), phab 586-94. 1973.
Zinberg, N. Tshuaj, Txheeb, thiab Chaw: Lub Hauv Paus rau Cov Khoom Siv Hauv Kev Siv Tshuaj. Yale University Xovxwm. Xyoo 1986.