MAOIs, SSRIs, SNRIs, TCIs, thiab Atypical
Muaj tsib yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv. Nov yog yam lawv yog, piv txwv ntawm txhua tus, thiab lawv ua haujlwm li cas.
Lub Ntsws Tshuaj Siv Lub Hlwb Hauv Kev Tswj Lub Siab
Muaj peb theem qauv, paub tias sib xws li monoamines, uas ntseeg tias yuav koom nrog hauv kev cai lij choj, xws li:
- Serotonin: 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), feem ntau hu ua serotonin , tau raug lub hlwb lub hlwb "zoo-zoo" tshuaj.
- Norepinephrine: Lwm tus neurotransmitter txuas rau kev nyuaj siab thiab cuam tshuam txog kev ceeb toom koj xav li cas. Ib qib qis ntawm norepinephrine yog xav tias yuav tsum txuam nrog lub hlwb tsom kom muaj coob tus neeg muaj kev nyuaj siab kev mob siab.
- Dopamine: Tej zaum koj yuav tau hnov txog qis qis ntawm dopamine nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm lub paj hlwb uas hu ua cov tshuaj nquab hu ua tus kab mob Parkinson, tab sis muaj ntau yam ntxiv rau dopamine. Nyob rau ntawm lub hauv paus lobes ntawm lub hlwb, nws txuas nrog txoj kev xav thiab qhov teeb meem daws teeb meem. Qhov tseeb, nws tau xav tias cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj xws li nicotine thiab cocaine muaj feem xyuam rau lawv cov teebmeem ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm dopamine-mediated hauv lub hlwb.
Cov lwg me me yog neurotransmitters, chemical messengers uas xa cov lus thoob hauv lub hlwb. Koj tuaj yeem pom tias nws pab tau kom paub ntau ntxiv txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm neurotransmitters hauv kev nyuaj siab .
Cov ntawv kawm ntawm Cov Tshuaj Antidepressant
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob antidepressant feem ntau yog categorized raws li lawv ua li cas rau peb cov qauv no, tab sis cov tricyclics yog kev zam rau txoj cai no.
Cov tshuaj uas siv ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau lub sij hawm no muaj xws li cov tshuaj serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) thiab serotonin thiab norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tab sis tag nrho cov tshuaj no tau siv rau qee cov neeg.
Ntawm no yog cov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antidepressants, nrog rau lawv cov hom kev ua thiab cov piv txwv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antidepressants rau cov chav kawm.
Cov tshuaj Monoamine Oxidase
Ib qho ntawm cov thawj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob antidepressants uas tau tsim muaj cov tshuaj tua kab (monoine oxidase inhibitors ) (MAOIs). Qhov hom tshuaj tua kab mob antidepressant, uas tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1950, inhibits qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ib qho enzyme hu ua monoamine oxidase . Vim hais tias monoamine oxidase cov kev ua haujlwm yog qhov kev rhuav tshem ntawm monoamines, nws kev txwv tsis pub muaj ntau dua ntawm cov neurotransmitters nrog rau kev cai lij choj nyob rau hauv kev xav kom muaj nyob hauv lub hlwb.
Piv txwv ntawm monoamine oxidase inhibitors uas tau pom zoo los ntawm Food and Drug Administration (FDA) muaj xws li:
- Nardil (phenelzine)
- Parnate (tranylcypromine)
- Marplan (isocarboxazid)
- Emsam (selegiline)
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob Monoamine oxidase yog siv tsawg dua lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab tsis yooj yim rau noj vim lawv muaj feem ntau ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntawm txoj sia thaum nrog lwm cov tshuaj los yog cov khoom noj uas muaj tyramine . Kev noj tshuaj MAOIs feem ntau muaj kev txwv kev noj haus.
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Lwm chav ntxov ntawm kev kho antidepressant yog tricyclic antidepressants (TCIs), los yog tetracyclic los yog cyclic antidepressants, uas tau pom nyob rau xyoo 1950. Tsis zoo li lwm cov chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob (antidepressants), chav kawm no tau raug xaiv los ntawm nws cov qauv siv tshuaj, uas yog li ntawm peb cov duab sib txuas ntawm cov xaim hluav taws xob.
Tricyclics siv lawv cov nyom antidepressant los ntawm kev tiv thaiv paj hlwb los ntawm reabsorbing serotonin thiab norepinephrine, uas tso cai rau ntau yam ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw no rau hauv lub hlwb.
Piv txwv ntawm tricyclic antidepressants muaj xws li:
- Elavil (amitryptyline)
- Norpramin (desipramine)
- Asendin (amoxapine)
- Anafranil (clomipramine)
- Pamelor (nortriptyline)
- Tofranil (imipramine)
- Vivactil (protriptyline)
- Surmontil (trimipramine)
- Sinequan (doxepin)
Maprotiline
Tricyclic antidepressants, xws li MAOIs, yuav muaj kev phom sij ntau dua cov tshiab ntawm cov tshuaj antidepressants uas tau tham hauv qab no, xws li cem quav, qhov ncauj qhuav, qhov muag tsis pom kev, hnyav nce thiab mob plawv.
Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee cov teebmeem ntxiv, thiab siv tshuaj tua kab mob tricyclic antidepressants rau lwm yam mob xws li mob mob mus rau yoj mus rau obsessive-compulsive teeb meem (OCD).
Kev Xaiv Tsa Tshuaj Txhuam Kom Zoo (Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) (SSRIs)
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ua hauj lwm los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev rov ua haujlwm ntawm serotonin, uas cia ntau serotonin nyob rau hauv. SSRIs yog thawj cov tshuaj uas tau tsim los ua antidepressants ntau dua li lawv cov teebmeem kev tiv thaiv antidepressant uas nrhiav tau los ntawm lub sijhawm. Lawv tau tsim los pib rau xyoo 1970s.
Piv txwv ntawm SSRIs muaj:
- Prozac (fluoxetine)
- Paxil (paroxetine)
- Zoloft (sertraline)
- Celexa (citalopram)
- Luvox (fluvoxamine)
- Lexapro (escitalopram)
- Viibryd (vilazodone)
Cov SSRIs yuav muaj tsawg dua cov teebmeem ntawm cov tshuaj qub, tiam sis tseem tuaj yeem muaj kev phiv tshuaj, nrog rau kev sib deev tsis ua haujlwm . Nrog rau qhov kev zam ntawm Prozac, ntau cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tau qwj qeeb qeeb thaum tso tseg thaum lawv muaj peev xwm ua rau tsis haum xeeb ntawm cov tsos mob xws li SSRI discontinuation syndrome .
Serotonin thiab Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
Serotonin thiab norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) pab kev nyuab siab rau ib yam zoo li SSRIs tsuas yog hais tias lawv tsis cuam tshuam kev rov qab los ntawm txoj kev tsis tuaj yeem los ntawm serotonin. Thawj SNRI yog FDA-pom zoo rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis xyoo 1993.
Kev ua rau cov neeg tsis paub qab ntsev ntxiv rau cov neeg uas paub tias qaug zog nrog lawv cov kev nyuaj siab ( kev nyuaj siab nrog psychomotor retardation ). Cov tshuaj no yog siv rau cov neeg uas muaj tus mob fibromyalgia thiab chronic fatigue syndrome thiab.
Piv txwv ntawm SNRIs muaj xws li:
- Effexor (venlafaxine)
- Cymbalta (duloxetine)
- Pristiq (desvenlafaxine)
- Savella (milnacipran)
- Fetzima (levomilnacipran)
Atypical Antidepressants
Tseem muaj lwm yam tshuaj tshiab antidepressants uas tsis haum rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov kab saud, uas yog hu ua atypical antidepressants. Atypical antidepressants ua haujlwm los ntawm kev hloov cov theem ntawm ib lossis ntau ntau cov neurotransmitters, xws li dopamine, serotonin, los yog norepinephrine, tab sis txhua tus ua haujlwm txawv. Qee cov tshuaj no kuj yuav pab tau tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj raug kev phiv los ntawm kev sib deev ntawm lwm yam tshuaj tua kabmob (antidepressants).
Piv txwv ntawm atypical antidepressants muaj xws li:
- Wellbutrin (bupropion)
- Remeron (mirtazapine)
- Desyrel (trazodone)
- Trintellix (vortioxetine)
- Nefazodone
Xaiv Qhov Zoo tshaj Antidepressant rau Koj Kev Nyuaj Siab
Muaj ob peb yam uas ua rau xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws antidepressant . Ib feem ntawm koj xaiv yuav tuaj rau cov kev mob tshwm sim uas koj yuav pom ntau leej neeg. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav pab koj txiav txim siab seb nws yog hom tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws rau koj, txawm tias koj yuav tau sim ob peb zaug ua ntej koj pom ib tus neeg ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws nrog rau cov kev mob tshwm sim tsawg tshaj.
Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev kho kev nyuaj siab feem ntau yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thaum siv ua ke ntawm cov qauv siv. Cov no muaj xws li kev kho mob hlwb , ua tib zoo hais txog txhua yam uas yuav ua tau rau koj txoj kev nyuaj siab xws li mob ntev thiab kev pab tus kheej. Siv sij hawm los kawm txog kev pab tswv yim rau kev nyuaj siab uas tuaj yeem pab tau txawm tias koj xaiv cov kev kho mob twg.
> Cov chaw
- > Mayo Clinic Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm. Atypical Antidepressants. Mayo Clinic. Kho lub Rau Hli 25, 2016.
- > Mayo Clinic Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm. Cov tshuaj Monoamine Oxidase (MAOIs). Mayo Clinic. Kho lub Rau Hli 8, 2016.
- > Mayo Clinic Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm. Kev Xaiv Tsa Tshuaj Txhuam Kom Zoo (Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) (SSRIs). Mayo Clinic. Kho lub Rau Hli 24, 2016.
- > Mayo Clinic Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm. Serotonin thiab Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs). Mayo Clinic. Kho lub Rau Hli 21, 2016.
- > Mayo Clinic Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm. Tricyclic Antidepressants thiab Tetracyclic Antidepressants. Mayo Clinic. Kho lub Rau Hli 28, 2016.