Cov kabmob yog ib hom tshuaj kws kho mob uas ua rau kom muaj kev ua si hauv lub hlwb . Cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem ua kom lub siab yoojyim, kev xav thiab kev paub. Qee hom tshuaj yeeb dej caw yog cov cai siv thiab dav siv. Muaj ntau hom kev hnoos qoob loo tuaj yeem ua rau muaj yees. Stimulants muaj ntau yam sib txawv, tiam sis txhua tus nyias muaj nyias lub zog thiab cov tswv yim ntawm kev ua.
Cov yeeb tshuaj uas tau muab cais ua cov stimulants muaj xws li:
- Caffeine
- Nicotine
- Cocaine
- Methamphetamine
- Cov kws kho mob sau
Caffeine
Caffeine yog cov tshuaj siv ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb, muaj nyob rau hauv kas fes, tshuaj yej, cocoa, khoom qab zib chocolate thiab dej qab zib. Thaum caffeine muaj ntau yam zoo xws li nce lub zog thiab kev hnoos lub cev, kev hnyav siv tau ua rau muaj cov tsos mob xws li kev ntxhov siab thiab insomnia. Caffeine lub cev muaj yees, thiab tshem tawm cov tsos mob muaj xws li mob taub hau, qaug zog thiab txob txob.
Nicotine
Nicotine yog suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm peb feem ntau siv cov tshuaj psychoactive nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb txawm tias qhov tseeb muaj tsawg tus (yog tias muaj) kev siv tshuaj rau cov tshuaj. Lub sijhawm thaum ntxov mus txog rau xyoo pua-nees nkaum xyoo, kev haus luam yeeb tau pom zoo. Cov ntawv ceeb toom ntawm kev noj qab nyob zoo raug coj mus rau kev haus luam yeeb siv zuj zus ntxiv. Txawm li cas los, Txawm li cas los xij, Lub Tsev Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv thiab Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob (CDC) qhia tias xyoo 2014, kwv yees li ntawm 17 feem pua neeg Asmeskas cov laus muaj hnub nyoog 18 xyoo (ze li ntawm 40 lab tus tib neeg) haus luam yeeb.
Lub koom haum National Drug Abuse tau tshaj tawm tias kev siv luam yeeb yog ib qho ua rau tiv thaiv ua rau tuag, muaj kab mob thiab xiam oob qhab hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas, nrog kev haus luam yeeb yog vim muaj ntau tshaj li 480,000 leej tuag ntxov txhua xyoo.
Cocaine
Cocaine yog ib qho kev txhaum cai ntawm kev siv hlwb ua los ntawm cov nplooj ntawm cov ntoo coca.
Thaum lub sij hawm lig 1800, psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud txhawb nqa kev siv cov yeeb yaj kiab raws li kev kho rau cov kev puas siab puas ntsws mob, tab sis tom qab ntawd pom tau hais tias cov khoom yees ntawm cov tshuaj. Lub sijhawm thaum 1900 tawm xyoo, cov neeg ua yeeb yam raug cai hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab tuaj yeem pom hauv ntau cov tshuaj yuav tom khw.
Nyob rau xyoo 1906, tsoomfwv tau pib xav kom cov neeg ua lag luam sau npe rau cov yeeb-yaj-kiab thiab pib muab cov kev txwv loj rau kev faib tawm thaum xyoo 1920 los. Cocaine yog ib txoj cai txwv thiab nws txoj kev siv thiab kev muag khoom yog xam tsis raug cai feem ntau. Niaj hnub no, yeeb-tshuaj yog ob feem ntau siv tshuaj txhaum cai hauv Tebchaws Meskas.
Cocaine sai tau los ntawm cov thawj coj, suav nrog nqus, nqus tau, hno, lossis txhaj tshuaj. Cov tshuaj no ncav lub hlwb kom sai thiab ces muab faib rau lwm cov ntaub so ntswg thoob hauv lub cev. Cocaine yog cov metabolized sai sai los ntawm cov roj ntsha thiab ntshav hauv thaj tsam li ntawm 30 mus rau 60 feeb, tiam sis tuaj yeem kuaj tau cov zis kuaj ntshav kom txog li 12 teev tom qab noj tshuaj.
Methamphetamine
Niaj hnub no, methamphetamine, hu ua meth, yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv los ua kev cai lij choj. Meth tsis muaj kev phom sij thiab txav cov nqaij ntawm lub hlwb, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub hlwb puas tsuaj.
Cov Tshuaj Cov Tshuaj
Cov tshuaj stimulants yog ib pawg ntawm cov tshuaj psychoactive uas cuam tshuam rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab lub cev tsis muaj zog . Qee qhov teebmeem ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj no muaj xws li lub cev muaj zog, vascosstriction, restlessness, tachycardia, insomnia, ntxhov siab thiab tsis qab los noj mov.
Cov neeg sawv cev no tau siv ib zaug dav siv los kho cov rog thiab qhov kev poob phaus, tab sis lawv cov khoom ua rau muaj kev ua rau lawv tsis tshua siv niaj hnub siv rau qhov hom phiaj no.
Cov tshuaj stimulants tam sim no yog siv los kho cov kab mob hauv lub cev thiab lub hlwb , nrog rau kev paub xim tsis haum xeeb (ADHD) thiab narcolepsy.
Cov npe ntawm cov tshuaj stimulants muaj npe xws li Ritalin, Adderall, thiab Dexedrine. Cov tshuaj stimulants yuav ua hauj lwm los ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj los ntawm dopamine thiab norepinephrine, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj ntshav siab, ua pa thiab ua haujlwm zoo.
Cov lus nug
Cov Chaw rau Kev Tswj Xyuas thiab Tiv Thaiv. (nd). Kev haus luam yeeb tam sim no ntawm cov laus hauv tebchaws Meskas. Tshaj tawm ntawm http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/adult_data/cig_smoking/index.htm.
Jonnes, J. (1999). Hepatitis, narcs thiab yeeb nkab npau suav: Lub keeb kwm ntawm Asmeskas txoj kev sib hlub nrog kev siv tshuaj txhaum cai . Baltimore: John Hopkins University Xovxwm.
Julien, RM (2001). Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv yeeb tshuaj. New York: Tsim nyog Publishers.
Juliano LM, & Griffiths, RR (2004). Kev soj ntsuam tseem ceeb ntawm caffeine tawm: Empirical validation ntawm cov tsos mob thiab cov paib, xwm txheej, mob hnyav thiab txuam txuam. Psychopharmacology, 176, 1-29.
Lub Koom Haum Thoob Plaws Hauv Lub Tebchaws. (2008, Lub Xya hli ntuj 22). Cov Tshuaj Cov Tshuaj: Kev Tsim Txom thiab Kev Sib Txheeb. Tshaj tawm ntawm http://www.nida.nih.gov/ResearchReports/Prescription/Prescription4.html
Lub Koom Haum Thoob Plaws Hauv Lub Tebchaws. (nd). Tobacco / Nicotine Tshaj tawm ntawm http://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/tobacco-nicotine
Thompson, PM, Hayashi, KM Simon, SL London, ED, & lwm tus. (2004). Cov kev txawv txav ntawm cov qauv hauv tib neeg lub hlwb uas siv cov tshuaj methamphetamine. Phau Ntawv ntawm Neuroscience, 24, 6028-6036.