Thaum Ntxov Lub neej, Kev Ua Haujlwm, thiab Kev Pabcuam rau Psychology
"Txawm tias tsis muaj kev vam meej, cov neeg muaj tswv yim tau txais kev xyiv fab hauv txoj hauj lwm zoo." Txoj kev kawm rau nws tus kheej yog kev zoo siab. " - Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi ntawm Creativity: Flow thiab lub Psychology ntawm Discovery & Invention , 1996.
Cas Csikszentmihalyi Yog Zoo Tshaj Paub Txog
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi yog ib tus kws kho kev puas hlwb uas tsim lub tswv yim ntawm kev khiav. Nws yog tshwj xeeb yog paub txog kev khiav dej num psychology thiab kev xav zoo.
Csikszentmihalyi lub neej thaum ntxov
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (yog hais tias kuv-HIGH me nyuam qaib-xa-kuv-HIGH-ee) yug hauv Fiume, Ltalis, tam sim no Rijeka, Croatia, thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 29, 1934. Kev loj hlob tuaj, nws tau ua lus Hungarian, Italis thiab German. Thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, nws tau siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw kaw hauv Italian qhov chaw uas nws nrhiav tau chess. Nws pom kev ua si hauv chess los ua ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los xij nws qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov teeb meem nyob ib puag ncig nws, yam uas nws ntseeg tias nws pab nws zoo dua ntau lwm tus.
Thaum nws muaj hnub nyoog 16 xyoo, nws tau mus rau Switzerland qhov chaw nws muaj lub sijhawm los mloog Carl Jung hais lus. Nws tau ua haujlwm rau nws. Tom qab ntawd nws piav tias, "Thaum kuv tseem yog menyuam yaus hauv tsov rog, kuv tau pom ib yam dab tsi tsis zoo rau cov neeg laus-cov neeg laus uas kuv tau ntseeg-lawv tau xav txog lawv txoj kev xav, kuv tau sim nrhiav lub zog zoo dua rau kuv lub neej. sim mus ntsib nrog qee yam ntawm ntau yam ntawm tib neeg txoj kev paub. "
Tom qab kawm cov ntawv nyeem los ntawm Jung thiab Freud , Csikszentmihalyi txiav txim siab mus rau Teb Chaws Asmeskas thaum muaj hnub nyoog 22 xyoos thiaj li kawm psychology. Nws tau mus kawm University of Chicago qhov chaw nws tau khwv tau nws BA xyoo 1960 thiab nws Ph.D. nyob rau xyoo 1965. Thaum xyoo 1969, nws rov qab mus rau University of Chicago ua xibfwb uas nws tseem ua haujlwm txog 2000 xyoo.
Csikszentmihalyi Kev Ua Haujlwm
Csikszentmihalyi yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws-paub txog nws txoj kev xav ntawm kev khiav , uas nws tau teev tseg nyob rau hauv nws seminal 1990 phau Flow: Lub Psychology ntawm kev pom kev . Raws li Csikszentmihalyi, tib neeg zoo siab thaum lawv nyob hauv ib lub xeev ntawm kev khiav, ib hom ntawm kev yaum kom zoo uas yuav tsum tau npaj siab rau qhov teeb meem lossis kev ua haujlwm. Nws piav txog kev khiav dej num li "ua txhua yam haujlwm rau nws tus kheej thiab lub sijhawm ua ywj siab." Txhua qhov kev ua, kev tsiv, thiab kev xav yog ua raws li yav dhau los, xws li ua si ntawm jazz. 'siv koj cov kev txawj ntse rau lub siab kawg.'
Txoj kev koom tes rau Psychology
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi txoj kev xav ntawm kev khiav tau cuam tshuam cov neeg hauv ntau thaj chaw. Yav tas los tus thawj coj ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas Bill Clinton thiab qub British Prime Minister Tony Blair tau raug xa tawm los ntawm nws phau ntawv Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience . Jimmy Johnson, yav dhau los tus cob qhia ntawm Dallas Cowboys, siv Csikszentmihalyi cov tswv yim los npaj rau 1993 Super Bowl. Csikszentmihalyi cov tswv yim kuj tau cuam tshuam cov neeg hauv kev lag luam, tsoom fwv, kev kawm ntawv thiab txuj ci yeeb yam.
Cov ntawv luam tawm los ntawm Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
Csikszentmihalyi yog ib tug kws sau ntawv pov thawj, muaj luam tawm ntau tshaj 120 cov ntaub ntawv thiab phau ntawv tshooj ntawm ntau yam ntsiab lus hauv psychology.
Nws txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sau ntawv ntawm kev zoo siab thiab kev tsim kho tau tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm kev loj hlob zoo. Ntawm no yog ob peb qho:
- Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1975). Tshaj Tawm thiab Ntxhov Siab: Txawj Tawm Hauv Haujlwm thiab Ua Si, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Csikszentmihalyi, M. thiab Csikszentmihalyi, yog, eds. (1988). Kev Pom Zoo Tshaj Plaws: Cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev puas siab ntsws ntawm kev khiav ceev, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: Lub Psychology ntawm kev pom kev zoo tshaj plaws. New York: Harper thiab leej.
- Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). Kev Muaj Peev Xwm Tshaj Tawm: Txaus thiab Lub Psychology ntawm Discovery and Invention. New York: Harper Perennial.
- Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1998). Nrhiav Ndlwg : Kev Psychology ntawm Kev Sib Koom Tes Nrog Txhua Nub Neej. Cov Ntawv Tseem Ceeb.
- Gardner, H., Csikszentmihalyi, M., thiab Damon, W. (2002). Cov Lag Luam Zoo: Kev Coj Noj Coj Ua, Tsis, thiab Kev Txiav Txim Siab. Cov Ntawv Tseem Ceeb.
Qhov chaw:
Cooper, A. (1998). Tus txiv neej uas pom cov ndlwg. Shambhala tshav ntuj . http://www.shambhalasun.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1942
Encyclopedia ntawm World Biography. (2006). Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Michigan: Pawg Gale.
Geirland, John (1996). Mus nrog txoj kev khiav. Wired. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.09/czik_pr.html
Sobel, D. (1995). Kev sib tham: Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Omni 17 (4) , 73.