Txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev yuam deev hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib siab
Nyob rau hauv ib qho qhib tsab ntawv tso tawm online, Kenyon alumnus Michael Hayes paub li cas Kenyon College nyob rau hauv Gambier, Ohio mishandled kev yuam deev ntawm nws tus muam, Chelsie. Nyob rau hauv nws tsab ntawv, nws hais tias lub tsev kawm ntawv tau ntxeev siab rau nws kev cia siab thiab tsis tau nws tus muam thaum lub sij hawm ntev kev ua hauj lwm nws thiaj li pom lub liam tsis txhaum.
Nws tsis paub txog dab tsi tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib siab.
Kev quab yuam deev ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv hauv tebchaws Meskas yog ib qho teeb meem loj. Qhov tseeb, muaj kev sib daj sib deev nrog ib leeg ntawm tsib tug poj niam thiab ib tug ntawm 16 tus txiv neej raug yuam deev thaum nyob hauv kev kawm qib siab, raws li National Sexual Violence Resource Center.
Cov Thawj Xibfwb Kawm Ua Dabtsi?
Cov kws lij choj hais tias yog vim li cas qhov kev sib deev ntawm kev sib deev nyob hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv tseem muaj kev siab zoo dua yog cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv tsis lees paub txog qhov teeb meem. Lawv kuj taw tawm txoj kev ceeb toom raws li fragmented; ntev, txheej txheem kev tshaj tawm cumbersome; thiab txoj kev ntshaw kom muaj ib cov duab pej xeem pom tau tias yog vim li cas cov neeg raug tsim txom thiab lawv cov plaub ntug tsis raug pab cuam tsim nyog.
Raws li Vanessa Grigoriadis, tus sau zaj dab neeg "Cov qhov muag plooj: Rethinking Sex, Power & Consent on Campus," 99 feem pua ntawm cov khoos kas tiv thaiv tsis pub tub ntxhais kawm ntawv tsis zoo. Dab tsi ntxiv, nws hais tias yuav luag tag nrho cov tsev kawm ntawv hauv Miskas qhia txog "kev kawm ntawv sab nraud" uas pab cov tub ntxhais kawm kawm kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib ntaus.
Tab sis tsuas yog qhov kev pab cuam uas tau muab pov thawj rau kev ua hauj lwm yog ib hom kev ntxub ntxaug poj niam ntawm tus kheej. Thiab raws li Grigoriadis, tsuas muaj peb lub tsev kawm ntawv qhia tam sim no. Cov no yog Oregon, Ohio University, thiab Florida Atlantic University.
"Kuv xav tias feem ntau ntawm Ivy League cov tsev kawm ntawv ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws," Grigoriadis ntxiv.
"Kuv tseem nyuam qhuav nyeem cov cai hais txog kev sib daj sib deev los ntawm University of Iowa, thiab pom tias lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam.Lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab tau qeeb zog los txais yuav cov kev cai thiab tiv thaiv lawv cov menyuam kawm ntawv, tab sis lawv tab tom muab nws tua tam sim no. lub tsev kawm ntawv uas muaj pab pawg ntaus pob ncaws pob loj tuaj rau hauv ib qho nyiaj ntawm cov nyiaj tau los muaj peev xwm qee yam kev tsis ncaj ncees hauv pawg neeg ntawd. "
"Cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab yuav tsum lees tias lawv tus kheej yog tias American cov me nyuam tsim lawv cov kev sib daj sib deev thaum lawv nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib siab txawm tias tsis yog nyob rau hauv cov ntawv kawm, qhov no yog qhov uas cov tub ntxhais kawm coob dhau los ua," Grigoriadis ntxiv. "Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob tuaj yeem sau npe rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv txog kev cob qhia txog kev tsis tuaj yeem yog tias lawv tsis ua raws li lawv lub neej tam sim no. tawm ntawm kev tswj kev ua neej nyob rau hauv lawv lub tsev kawm ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov txiv neej uas yog txiv neej thiab pawg tog neeg. "
Nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv, Grigoriadis hais tias lub tsev kawm ntawv tseem yuav ua kom qhov teeb meem los ntawm txoj cai txwv frat tog thaum pib lub asthiv ntawm kev kawm ntawv qib siab. "Cov me nyuam mus rau cov tog neeg ... nyuam qhuav tso lawv lub tsev me nyuam yaus," nws sau hais tias. "Lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam mus rau hauv ib qho kev pheej hmoo tog kev coj noj coj ua thaum tib lub sijhawm lawv muaj kev tsis nyiam."
5 Cov lus qhia rau Cov Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab Freshman
Tiam sis txog tsev kawm ntawv qib siab thiab cov tebchaws paub tias lawv yuav tsum hloov qhov kev tshwm sim hauv lawv lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab ntxiv kev txhim kho thiab kev tiv thaiv cov kev pab cuam, lub luag hauj lwm rau kev nce kev sib deev yog kev poob siab rau cov niam txiv thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm. Lawv tsis tas yuav ua kom paub txog cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev yuam deev tabsis tseem kawm txog kev tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej hauv lawv qhov chaw tshiab thiab tsis tshua muaj neeg paub txawv.
"Feem ntau cov Neeg Asmeskas to taub tias 'paub txog kev yuam deev' (thaum paub txog lwm tus neeg paub, xws li thaum tus thawj coj tau txais kev thaij nrog lub hnub yug ntawm Christmas) ntau dua li tus 'neeg txom nyem kev sib deev' (thaum tus neeg tsis sib haum xeeb mus rau tus neeg tsev apartment thiab rapes nws), "Grigoriadis piav txog.
"Tab sis kuv xav tias nyob hauv tsev kawm qib siab, ob tus ghosters yuav tsum to taub tias lawv nyob ib puag ncig ntawm cov neeg paub, thiab tsis yog txhua tus yuav tsum tau ntseeg."
Nov yog qee cov lus qhia ntxiv uas Grigoriadis muab.
Tsum paub txog "qhov chaw liab". Cov kws tshawb fawb uas kawm txog kev quab yuam deev hu thaum pib xyoo kawm ntawv, "red zone" lossis qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm poj niam qib siab lub neej. Qhov tseeb, Cov Neeg Qhia Ntawv Tshaj Lawm, Tebchaws Asmeskas lub tuam txhab fajseeb loj tshaj plaws, kwv yees hais tias 73 feem pua ntawm cov neeg raug quab yuam ua plees ua yig yog cov kawm qib kaum ob los sis cov kawm qib kaum, thiab 88 feem pua ntawm cov neeg raug ua phem raug ntaus.
"Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, tus menyuam kawm ntawv uas tsis tau txais kev pabcuam (uas txhais tau tias nws yog ib tus menyuam kawm ntawv ua ntej nws tuaj yeem ua kev thaij) nws yog qhov feem ntau ntawm txhua tus menyuam kawm ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv rau kev tsim txom. Nws yuav tsum dai nrog ib tug txiv leej tub nws tsis kam mus rau nws chav yog tias nws twb tau muaj pawg ntseeg loj, los yog nws yuav tau qaug qaug cawv, tej zaum vim nws tau haus dej tsawg dhau los, "Grigoriadis piav qhia.
Tag nrho tej yam no muab tso rau nws ntawm kev pheej hmoo rau kev yuam deev vim nws yog ib qho chaw tshiab, nrog ob peb yog tias muaj kev sib cuag muaj zog. Dab tsi ntxiv, Grigoriadis hais tias cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv tshiab yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam rau hauv qhov kev lom zem tog kev lom zem ntawm ib lub sij hawm thaum lawv raug tsiv mus rau kev tsis nyiam. Lawv kos npe rau cov chav kawm, tsim cov phooj ywg tshiab, kawm hauv daim ntawv qhia tsev kawm ntawv, thiab cia lawv zov.
Nco ntsoov tias koj cov phooj ywg yog leej twg . "Cov me nyuam niaj hnub no hauv qab kev ua yuam kev tias cov phooj ywg lawv muaj hauv Facebook thiab Snapchat yog qhov tseeb lawv cov phooj ywg," Grigoriadis hais tias. "Cov phoojywg" 500 "tsis yog lawv cov phoojywg, thiab xav tias lawv yog qhov txaus ntshai. Yog tias koj mus koom ib lub koom txoos, thiab koj xav tias koj nyob nraum los ntawm" cov phooj ywg, "tej zaum koj yuav zoo li tus txiv leej tub hais tias nws xav tau npias los ntawm nws chav tsev rov qab rau cov chav tsev ntawd, thiab ua ntej koj paub nws, koj nyob hauv ib lub tsev uas muaj lub qhov rooj xauv thiab ib tus neeg uas tsis yog tus phoojywg tsis muaj tseeb. "
Grigoriadis hais tib yam mus rau cov hais mav. Lawv yuav tsum paub hais tias siv cov poj niam tom tsev uas lawv xav tias lawv yog "phooj ywg" vim lawv nyiam lwm tus duab hauv Instagram txaus ntshai.
"Cov ntxhais tau hais lus nrov nrov txog kev ua txhaum lawv txoj kev sib deev hauv college, thiab koj tsis xav kom lawv yog ib tug ntawm cov menyuam yaus ua txhaum txawm tias koj tsis tau txhais hais tias," Grigoriadis hais. "Cov tub hluas xav tau cov kev cai rau lawv cov laujkaub tais diav, thiab ib qho ntawm cov kev cai no yuav tsum yog tias koj tsis noj lub tsev uas muaj menyuam yaus haus dhau ntawm kev tso cai."
Tsis txhob koom nrog pawg chats . Raws li Grigoriadis, nws yeej tau qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv nyob hauv kev sib tham nrog lwm cov menyuam kawm ntawv.
"Lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob pib pawg chats nrog guys los ntawm lawv lub tsev hauv dorm, los yog lawv cov chav kawm cog lus, los yog lawv pab pawg kislas," nws hais. "Tsis muaj ib qho txiaj ntsim rau hom kev sib tham nrog cov tub ntxhais hluas sib tham thaum 4 teev tsaus ntuj ntawm pab pawg sib tham. Lub sijhawm ntawd hmo ntuj, qhov kev siv tshuab no yog ib txoj kev sib piv rau kev sib deev thiab tsis paub tias yog vim li cas Muaj qee leej hais tias, "Tsis txhob hnov qab tias Brock Turner ntawm Stanford yog pab pawg neeg nrog nws cov phooj ywg los ntawm pab pawg neeg ua dej hauv Stanford ncig lub sij hawm nws tau ua phem rau tus ntxhais ntawd qab ntaws."
Nyob hauv ib pawg txhua lub sijhawm . Grigoriadis hais tias nws tus naj npawb ib qho rau cov tub ntxhais hluas tuaj kawm ntawv yog nyob hauv ib pab pawg. "Raws li koj xav tias koj yuav xav tau ua ke nyob rau hauv ib pab me ntsis taug kev hauv tsev kawm ntawv mus rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv, ua li ntawd, thiab tsis txhob cia cov tub hluas ntxhais hluas qab thaum koj mus tsev," she says.
Nws kuj tau hais tias qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib deev tsis yog nyob ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm pawg ntseeg. Nws yog tom qab lub koom txoos frat. "Nws yog thaum koj rov qab mus rau ib tug txiv leej tub lub tsev kawm ntawv tom qab ntawm pawg neeg vim tias lawv khiav tawm ntawm npias nyob rau hauv lub party los yog thaum koj rov qab mus rau koj tus dorm thaum 2:00, thiab txiav txim siab mus dai hauv chav ntawm ib tug txiv leej tub koj tsuas tau ntsib ib zaug ua ntej thaum koj tau txais ib daim pizza hauv zos tab sis leej twg tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob sab hauv los ntawm koj.Yog koj xav tau meej meej txog vim li cas koj nyob rau hauv tus txiv leej tub chav ntawm 2 am "
Nws nyuab siab tias "cia li dai tawm" tsis yog lub ntsiab lus meej meej meej. "Yog tias koj xav sib txuas nrog nws, zoo, Yog tias koj tsis xav nrog nws txuas, rov qab mus rau hauv koj chav, Qhov chaw thiab qhov kev txiav txim zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no. "
Siv "yog txhais tau tias yog" raws li cov lus qhia . Yav tag los, txoj cai hais txog kev sib daj sib deev yog tias "tsis txhais tau tias tsis muaj" txhais tau hais tias tus poj niam yuav tsum hais tias "tsis muaj" kom txo tau tus txiv neej tus cwj pwm. Tab sis Grigoriadis hais tias nws tau pom tias "yog txhais tau tias yog" yog ib qho kev qhia zoo dua.
"Uas txhais tau hais tias cov tub ntxhais hluas tam sim no yuav tsum tau ntsees nug los yog tau txais ib co teeb liab txog seb tus poj niam xav sib deev," nws hais. "Qhov kev tso siab tsis yog kev pom zoo, Tus tub yuav hais tias, 'Yog koj zoo nrog qhov no?' Thiab tus ntxhais teb tau. "
Dab tsi ntau, yog hais tias tus ntxhais yog qaug cawv los teb tau, ces nws yuav tsis consensual. Grigoriadis xav tias tus qauv tshiab no yuav zoo heev yog tias tebchaws tau txais nws.
Lo Lus Ntawm
Kev sib deev ntawm kev sib deev hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib siab yog ib qho teeb meem loj uas cov niam txiv thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav tsum tau siv sij hawm los kawm ntxiv txog. Thiab vim tias cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv tebchaws thiab cov tebchaws no tseem tabtom sim ua kom muaj kev sib deev rau kev sib deev, kev lav phib xauj rau kev qhia cov thawj coj tshiab txog kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev quab yuam deev poob rau niam txiv thiab cov tub kawm ntawv lawv tus kheej. Dab tsi ntxiv, cov niam txiv thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv yuav tsum paub tias kev quab yuam deev hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab txawv qhov feem ntau ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua.
"Peb tsis yog tham txog ib tug neeg tsis paub lus nyob rau sab nraum lub tsev qiv ntawv, thiab ntau lub sij hawm peb tsis txawm hais txog kev sib ntaus sib ntaus los yog kev xav ntawm kev tsim txom," Grigoriadis piav qhia. "Qhov no yog ruam, tsis paub qab hau, thiab muaj, tus cwj pwm txhaum los ntawm cov tub hluas ntxhais hluas uas hla txoj kab thaum lawv xav tias lawv tuaj yeem tawm ntawm nws."
Qhov tseem ceeb yog kom paub tseeb tias koj tus me nyuam kawm qib qub tsis yog to taub tias qhov kev pheej hmoo yeej muaj tiag tiam sis tseem paub tias yuav ua li cas txo nws txoj kev yuav tshwm sim hauv nws lub neej.
> Qhov chaw:
> Grigoriadis V. Qhov muag plooj kab: Ntxhais kev sib deev, Lub zog thiab kev tso cai ntawm Campus, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, New York, 2017.
> Txheeb cais txog kev sib deev, kev sib deev ntawm kev sib deev, National Women's Violence Resource Center, 2015. http://www.nsvrc.org/sites/default/files/publications_nsvrc_factsheet_media-packet_statistics-about-sexual-violence_0.pdf