Kev Siv Tshuaj Zog Siv Thoob Ntiaj Teb, Tshawb Nrhiav
Tiv thaiv cov kev cai lij choj feem ntau thiab cov kev nplua rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, Tebchaws Asmeskas tseem muaj feem xyuam rau kev siv yeeb dawb cocaine thiab marijuana, raws li kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm ntau tshaj 54,000 tus neeg hauv 17 lub teb chaws.
Lub Tebchaws Asmeskas tseem muaj feem ntau ntawm kev haus luam yeeb siv tab sis nyob hauv cuaj caum siv, qab Ukraine thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees.
Txoj kev tshawb no, los ntawm Louisa Degenhardt ntawm University of New South Wales (Sydney, Australia) thiab cov npoj yaig, raws li lub koom haum World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).
Cocaine thiab Siv Yeeb Nkawj Siv
Daim ntawv soj ntsuam, uas nug cov neeg koom siab txog lawv txoj kev siv yeeb dawb , yeeb tshuaj , haus luam yeeb , haus dej haus cawv, pom tias 16.2 feem pua ntawm cov neeg hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau siv cocaine thaum lawv lub neej. Tus nqi no tau muaj plaub npaug ntawm qhov chaw thib ob, New Zealand, qhov twg 4.3% hais tias lawv tau sim cov yeeb tshuaj.
Cov neeg tshawb xyuas kuj pom tias 42.4% ntawm cov neeg hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau tshaj tawm tias cov yeeb tshuaj siv thaum lawv lub neej. New Zealand yog thib ob nrog 41.9%, tab sis ob lub teb chaws nyob deb ua ntej ntawm lwm yam 15 nyob rau hauv lub neej marijuana siv.
Tam sim no kev pab txhawb nce
Qhov sib txawv no tau qhia tawm hauv National Survey rau Kev Siv Tshuaj thiab Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (NSDUH) ua txhua xyoo los ntawm Kev Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv thiab Cov Kev Pabcuam Kev Nyuaj Siab (SAMHSA).
Xyoo 2013, qhov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias kwv yees li ntawm 24.6 lab Americans los 12 lossis tshaj saud-9.4 feem pua ntawm cov pejxeem-tau siv tshuaj txhaum cai nyob rau lub hlis dhau los.
Cov neeg siv tshuaj yeeb tshuaj tam sim no (cov neeg uas tau siv hauv lub hli dhau los) yog nce li ntawm 8.3 feem pua ntawm xyoo 2002. Kev nce qib yog nce ntxiv vim kev siv tshuaj maj.
Txawm hais tias kev siv lwm cov tshuaj txhaum kev cai tsis muaj nqis los yog tsis tau dhau 10 lub xyoo dhau los, NSDUH cov duab qhia tau tias cov neeg siv cov tshuaj maj tom qab siv tau nce ntxiv ntawm 5.8% mus rau 7.5 feem pua ntawm 2007 mus rau 2013.
Cov Cai Kev Yeeb Tsom Yeej Tsis Muaj
"Kev siv tshuaj yeeb muaj feem xyuam nrog cov nyiaj tau los, tab sis tsis zoo li txoj kev cai lij choj, vim hais tias lub teb chaws uas muaj kev tswj hwm ntau txoj cai ntawm kev siv yeeb tshuaj tsis muaj qis dua kev siv yeeb tshuaj li lub teb chaws uas muaj kev cai ntau dua," Degenhardt thiab nws npoj yaig sau ntawv.
"Lub Tebchaws Asmeskas, uas tau tsav tsheb ntau ntau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav txog kev siv yeeb tshuaj thiab kev siv yeeb tshuaj thoob ntiaj teb, hais txog kev siv dej cawv, cov yeeb dawb thiab cannabis, txawm tias txhaum cai tsis raug cai, thiab (hauv ntau lub tebchaws United States) tsawg dua haus cawv haus cawv haus ntau tshaj li ntau lub teb chaws tsim, "cov sau phau ntawv sau.
"Lub Netherlands, nrog txoj kev tsis txaus siab ntawm kev ua txhaum cai siv tau ntau tshaj li Tebchaws Asmeskas, tau siv qis qis dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg laus," daim ntawv tshaj qhia. "Kom meej meej, los ntawm nws tus kheej, txoj cai ntawm lub txim txhaum cai thiab muaj kev siv nyiaj rau kev hloov ntawm kev siv tshuaj txhaum cai."
Cov Yeeb Yeeb Siv Cov Them Cov Hluas Feem Ntau Cov Hluas Feem Ntau Cov Neeg
Nov yog qee qhov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb:
- Cov txiv neej muaj feem ntau tau siv txhua hom yeeb tshuaj, tab sis qhov kev sib txawv ntawm tub los ntxhais yog kaw ntawm tus hluas koom tshaj.
- Cov laus hluas feem ntau tau siv tag nrho cov tshuaj hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tshaj cov laus.
- Cov neeg uas tsis tau sib yuav los yog muaj txij nkawm twb tau siv ntau dua cov luam yeeb, cov yeeb dawb thiab cov yeeb tshuaj siv, tiam sis tsis haus cawv.
- Cov nyiaj tau siab dua tuaj yeem txuam nrog ntau dua ntawm kev siv txhaum cai thiab kev cai lij choj.
- Kev haus luam yeeb ntau dua ntawm cov neeg uas tau sib yuav lawm tab sis tsawg dua ntawm cov tsis muaj txij nkawm.
- Kev haus dej cawv siv thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15 yog ntau dua ntawm cov neeg European ntau dua li ntawm Middle East lossis Africa.
Daim Ntawv Ntsuam Xyuas Tsis Zoo Li Cas
"Muaj ntau dua kev koom tes tshuaj rau cov hluas dua cov laus hauv txhua lub teb chaws, qhia tias kev siv yeeb tshuaj muaj thiab hloov mus ntxiv hauv keeb kwm sijhawm," cov sau ntawv sau. "Interestingly, muaj ib qho pov thawj pom tias cov txiv neej-poj niam sib txawv ntawm txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev siv tshuaj yeeb yuav hloov cov poj niam tshiab.
"Qhov kev hloov no yog ib qho kev sib tw thoob plaws lub teb chaws, tawm tswv yim tias kev ua haujlwm hloov kuj yuav tshwm sim los ntawm txoj kev sib txawv ntawm kev sib deev sib txawv li feem ntau sau tseg txog kev siv yeeb tshuaj."
Source:
Degenhardt L, li al. (2008) "Taw thoob ntiaj teb kev haus cawv, luam yeeb, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab siv yeeb dawb: Kev tshawb pom los ntawm WHO World Mental Health Surveys." PLoS tshuaj 1 Lub Xya Hli Ntuj 2008