Txawm hais tias ADHD tsis paub tas, kuaj, lossis kho ntau npaum li tam sim no, cov kws kho mob tau paub tseeb txog ADHD rau qee lub sijhawm.
Npe rau ADHD
Lawv tsis nco ntsoov hu nws ADHD kiag li, es tsis txhob siv cov ntsiab lus xws li:
- lub hlwb raug mob
- tus me nyuam puas hlwb
- hyperkinetic impulse tsis meej
- hyperexcitability syndrome
- clumsy tus menyuam syndrome
- hyperactive child syndrome
- hyperkinetic ras txog thaum yau
- tsawg lub hlwb kawg nkaus
- organic hlwb mob
- tus menyuam lub siab
- paub qhov tsis zoo
Txawm tam sim no, muaj kev kub ntxhov txog kev hu ua ADD los yog ADHD .
Keeb kwm ntawm ADHD
Qhov ntxov tshaj plaws rau cov keeb kwm ADHD xws li rov qab rau xyoo pua-lig xyoo thiab Sir Alexander Crichton. Qee tus txawm sim hais tias muaj coob tus neeg nto moo thiab keeb kwm cov keeb kwm yuav muaj ADHD, xws li Mozart, Leonardo da Vinci, los yog Ben Franklin.
Ua hauj lwm hauv ADHD ntau dua yog xav kom pib thaum xyoo pua 20th, tab sis yog:
- thawj cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov menyuam uas muaj tus kab mob ADHD tau ua thaum ntxov li 1902 los ntawm Sir George Frederick Still thiab tau xav tias muaj ib qho "defect of moral discipline"
- nyob rau xyoo 1908, Alfred F. Tredgold piav txog "cov me nyuam qib qis-me nyuam hlwb tsis zoo" uas tau muaj ib qho mob me me ua rau lub hlwb tsis zoo uas ua rau lawv muaj li ADHD xws li anti-school behavior
- txoj kev tshawb no tau luam tawm txog kev siv Benzedrine (racemic amphetamine) rau cov menyuam uas muaj teeb meem txog kev coj tus cwj pwm thaum xyoo 1937 los ntawm Dr. Charles Bradley, uas tau paub txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm benzedrine thaum muab tshuaj rau pab cov menyuam uas mob taub hau heev, pab lawv tus cwj pwm thiab tsev kawm ntawv kev ua tau zoo
- thawj tsab ntawm Diagnostic thiab Ntaub Ntawv Qhia ntawm Kev Xiam Hlwb ntawm Kev Nyuaj Siab (DSM) yog luam tawm los ntawm American Psychiatric Association (APA) hauv xyoo 1952 thiab suav nrog tsis hais txog ntawm ADHD xws li
- hyperkinetic impulse tsis meej yog thawj zaug siv los piav txog cov me nyuam nrog ADHD cov tsos mob ntawm 1957
- Herbert Freed thiab Charles Peifer kawm txog kev siv Thorazine (chlorpromazine) ntawm 'hyperkinetic raug kev puas siab ntsws me nyuam' hauv 1957
- C. Keith Conners luam tawm txoj kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshwm sim ntawm Ritalin (methylphenidate) hauv 'kev xav ntawm cov me nyuam' hauv 1963
- nyob rau xyoo 1966, lub hlwb tsis ua haujlwm me me ua rau lub suab nrov nrov los piav txog cov menyuam yaus uas muaj ntau yam kev sib txuas ntawm qhov kev xav hauv kev xav, kev xav, kev hais lus, kev nco, thiab kev tswj fwm, plhom, lossis lub cev muaj zog.
- nyob rau xyoo 1967 thiab 1968, Lub Koom Haum Lub Tebchaws ntawm Kev Puas Siab Puas Ntsws (NIMH) muab ntau cov nyiaj pab rau cov neeg tshawb xyuas los kawm txog cov txiaj ntsim ntawm cov tshuaj stimulants rau cov menyuam uas muaj tus kab mob ADHD
- thib ob tsab ntawm Diagnostic thiab Ntaub Ntawv Qhia ntawm Cov Kev Xiam Hlwb ntawm Kev Nyuaj Siab (DSM-II) yog luam tawm los ntawm APA hauv xyoo 1968 thiab suav nrog cov kev tsis haum hyperkinetic fab ntawm cov menyuam yaus los yog tus hluas thiab lub hlwb muaj zog
- tus thawj Conner's Scale Rating luam tawm los ntawm C. Keith Conners nyob rau xyoo 1969, uas nws thiaj li pib hloov cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Conner Qhov Kev Ntsuam Xyuas rau cov niam txiv thiab cov xib fwb
- nyob rau xyoo 1970, Washington Post luam tawm ib zaj dab neeg uas piav txog 5 mus rau 10 feem pua ntawm txhua tus menyuam kawm ntawv hauv Omaha, Nebraska tau txais stimulants, xws li Ritalin, los tswj lawv tus cwj pwm, txawm tias qhov txheeb cais tsuas yog xa mus rau cov menyuam hauv cov kev kawm tshwj xeeb. Zaj dab neeg ua rau muaj kev sib cav sib ceg ntawm ADHD thiab kev siv cov stimulants, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim nws pom tau hais tias ntau leej niam leej txiv raug rau kev siv tshuaj rau lawv cov me nyuam.
- Txoj Cai Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tsim Txom Cov Kev Tsim Txom thiab Kev Tswj Tswj ntawm xyoo 1970 ua rau cov tshuaj stimulants, xws li Ritalin (methylphenidate), Teem sij hawm III tshuaj thiab tom qab ntawd Schedule II tshuaj hauv 1971
- Tshooj 504 ntawm Txoj Cai Tswjfwm Kev Rov Qab Xyoo 1973 muaj cai rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv muaj ADHD uas tau txais kev pabcuam thiab kev pabcuam ntxiv tom tsev kawm ntawv los pab lawv ua tiav
- ib qho kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hauv Ritalin tau nthuav tawm ntau xyoo 1975 los ntawm ntau phau ntawv luam tawm los pab txhawb kev ntseeg tias ADHD tsis yog qhov tseeb, yog tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab muag tshuaj ua kom tau nyiaj, los yog kev ua kom tsis haum vim yog cov zaub mov noj thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus, thiab lwm yam .
- AAP nthuav tawm lawv thawj nqe lus hais txog ADHD, Tshuaj rau Hyperkinetic Cov Me Nyuam , hais tias ntxiv rau 'kev saib xyuas ntawm txoj kev kho nondrug nyob rau lub sijhawm qhov kev coj ua li cas tsim nyog,' tias 'muaj ib qho chaw rau cov tshuaj tua kabmob hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm cov me nyuam hyperkinetic . '
- Qhov thib peb tsab ntawm Diagnostic thiab Cov Ntawv Qhia Txog Cov Poj Kab Mob hlwb (DSM-III) yog luam tawm los ntawm APA nyob rau xyoo 1980 thiab suav nrog kev ceeb toom kev nyuab siab thawj zaug, nrog rau subtypes ADD nrog kev mob siab, ADD tsis muaj kev vam meej, thiab ADD residual type
- Dr. Russell A. Barkley sau nws thawj zaug ntawm 17 phau ntawv hais txog ADHD rau xyoo 1981 - Cov menyuam yaus tshaj: Ib phau ntawv rau kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob .
- DSM-III-R (revised tsab), luam tawm xyoo 1987, hloov lub npe, lub sij hawm no kom Attention Defectit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), tab sis tsis suav cov subtypes
- ib xyoo 1987 qhia los ntawm AAP, Tshuaj Rau Cov Menyuam Yaus Uas Muaj Kev Teeb Meem Kev Mob Teeb Meem , muaj kev qhia txog kev siv tshuaj kho mob rau kev kho tus mob tsis zoo, xws li Ritalin, Dexedrine, Cylert, thiab 'lwm yam tshuaj uas tsim nyog', xws li tricyclic antidepressants
- Dr. Barkley pib tshaj tawm cov ntawv xov xwm ADHD Report rau xyoo 1993
- plaub tsab ntawm Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) yog luam tawm los ntawm APA hauv 2000 thiab piav qhia txog peb hom kev ceeb toom kev mob nyhav (ADHD), nrog rau ADHD, Combined Type, ADHD, Feem ntau Cov Tsis Taus Npe , thiab ADHD, Feem ntau Feem Ntau Cov Hom Phiaj Tsis Zoo
- Yauxej Biederman tau tshaj tawm ib ntawm thawj 100 feem pua ntawm kev tshawb xyuas txog cov menyuam nrog ADHD nyob rau xyoo 1995
- AAP tsab ntawv ceeb toom tshiab, Tshuaj rau Cov Me Nyuam Muaj Kev Ntsuas Mob , luam tawm hauv 1996, kev txhawj xeeb tias kev siv tshuaj kho mob yuav tsum tau ua ke 'nrog kev tswj hwm tus me nyuam qhov chaw thiab cov ntawv kawm.'
- Cov Kev Qhia Xyoo 2000 : Cov Kev Ntsuas thiab Kev Tshuaj Ntsuam ntawm Tus Menyuam Uas Muaj Kev Tsis Taus / Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Mob Siab los ntawm AAP muaj kev qhia meej rau cov kws kho mob thiab cov niam txiv ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas thiab kev kho cov menyuam uas muaj ADHD
- Strattera, thawj kev kho mob uas tsis yog hom mob rau ADHD, raug pom zoo rau xyoo 2002
- cov ntawv ceeb toom rau ADHD cov tshuaj kho tau raug kho tshiab hauv xyoo 2007 kom muaj kev ceeb toom txog kev pheej hmoo plawv (kev tuag ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas) nrog kev mob plawv tsis zoo lossis lwm yam teeb meem ntawm lub plawv) thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas hlwb (kev xav, kev xav, lossis kev xav) .
ADHD Kev Kho Mob Sij Hawm
Dr. Bradley cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev siv Benzedrine yog ib zaug xav txog raws li nws hais txog cov kev kho tshiab tam sim no ntawm ADHD, tab sis lub luag hauj lwm muaj feem yuav dhau mus rau cov tshuaj tshiab, ib zaug ADHD tshuaj uas feem ntau cov me nyuam noj.
Txawm hais tias nws zoo nkaus li ntau yam tshuaj ADHD ntau tau tsim ntau xyoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kaum xyoo dhau los, feem ntau lawv siv cov khoom xyaw uas zoo tib yam (methylphenidate thiab amphetamine / dextroamphetamine) uas tau siv txij li hnub ntawm ADHD kev tshawb nrhiav .
- 1937 - Benzedrine (racemic amphetamine)
- Xyoo 1943 - Desoxyn (methamphetamine hydrochloride)
- 1955 - Ritalin (methylphenidate)
- 1955-1983 - Biphetamine (mixed amphetamine / dextroamphetamine cob)
- 1960 - Adderall (mixed amphetamine / dextroamphetamine salts)
- 1975-2003 - Cylert (pemin)
- Xyoo 1976 - Dextrostat (dextroamphetamine)
- Xyoo 1976 - Dexedrine (dextroamphetamine)
- 1982 - Ritalin SR
- 1999 - Metadate ER (methylphenidate)
- 2000 - Concerta (methylphenidate)
- 2000 - Methylin ER (methylphenidate)
- 2001 - Metadate CD (methylphenidate)
- 2001 - Focalin (dexmethylphenidate)
- 2001 - Adderall XR (mixed amphetamine salts)
- 2002 - Ritalin LA
- 2002 - Methylin (methylphenidate) cov kua haus thiab cov kua ntsev
- 2002 - Strattera (atomoxetine)
- 2005 - Focalin XR (dexmethylphenidate)
- 2006 - Daytrana (methylphenidate thaj)
- 2007 - Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine dimesylate)
- 2008 - Procentra (kua dextroamphetamine kua)
- 2009 - Intuniv (guanfacine hydrochloride)
- 2010 - Kapvay (clonidine hydrocloride)
- 2012 - Quillivant XR (kua methylphenidate)
- 2016 - Adzenys XR-ODT (ntsiav tshuaj ntawm qhov ncauj amphetamine)
- 2016 - Quillichew ER (chewable methylphenidate)
Ntau yam ntawm cov tshuaj ADHD no, txawm tias qhov kev tso tawm ntev, yog tam sim no muaj nyob rau hauv cov generics .
> Qhov chaw:
> AAP. Tshuaj rau Hyperkinetic Cov Menyuam. Pediatrics, Plaub Hlis Ntuj 1975; 55: 560-562.
> Bradley C. Tus cwj pwm ntawm cov me nyuam tau txais Benzedrine. Amer. J. Psychiar., 94: 577, 1937.
> C. Keith Conners. Symposium: Kev hloov kev coj cwj pwm los ntawm kev siv yeeb siv tshuaj: II. Kev puas hlwb ntawm cov tshuaj stimulant rau cov menyuam yaus nrog lub hlwb tsis tshua mob heev. Pediatrics, Tsib Hlis Ntuj 1972; 49: 702 - 708.
> Clements, Sam D. Zaus Qis Qis Hauv Me Nyuam; Terminology thiab Kev Qhia Taw Qhia. Sij Hawm I ntawm Peb Lub Hauv Paus. NINDB Monograph No. 3. 1966.
> Conners, CK Cov teebmeem ntawm methylphenidate ntawm kev mob taub hau thiab kev kawm hauv cov menyuam uas raug puas tsuaj. Am J Psychiatry 120: 458-464, Kaum Ib Hlis Ntuj 1963
> Maurice W. Laufer, Eric Denhoff. Hyperkinetic cwj pwm syndrome hauv cov menyuam yaus. Phau Ntawv Pediatrics Vol. 50, Qhov teeb meem 4, Nplooj Ntawv 463-474.
> Palmer, ED Ib Tug Piav Qhia ntawm ADHD (Tsis Tshua Muaj Yeeb Yam): > Dr. Alexander Crichton thiab 'Mental Restlessness' (1798). Kev Psychology Tus Menyuam thiab Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Ntsig Txog Kev Ntse (2001), 6: 66-73
> R. Mayes thiab A. Rafalovich. Txom cov menyuam tsis muaj hnub nyoog: cov evolution ntawm ADHD thiab > menyuam yaus > kev siv tshuaj, 1900-80. Keeb Kwm ntawm Psychiatry, Kaum Ob Hlis 1, 2007; 18 (72 Pt 4): 435 - 457.