FDA ceeb toom txog kratom, ib qho tshuaj ntsuab siv rau kev mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv opioid
Tej zaum koj tau hnov txog kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa ), uas yog siv tshuaj ntsuab los siv rau yav hnub tuaj ntawm sab hnub tuaj Asia thiab kom pab tau yooj yim thiab mob. Muab tau los ntawm ib hom tsob ntoo evergreen, kratom muaj alkaloid compounds hu ua mitragynine thiab 7-hydroxymitragynine.
Cas Kratom Yuav Tau Ua Haujlwm
Nws xav tias mitragynine thiab 7-hydroxymitragynine yuav pab tswj tau mob los ntawm kev xa cov proteins hu ua opioid receptors thiab, tig mus, txo qhov mob kev xav.
Cov tshuaj siv tshuaj Opioid (ib hom tshuaj uas siv rau qhov mob nyem) ua haujlwm zoo ib yam, los ntawm kev txo cov kev mob ntawm lub hlwb kom ncav cuag lub hlwb. Lawv kuj thim qhov teebmeem ntawm kev mob siab mob los ntawm kev siv lub hlwb hauv cheeb tsam koom nrog hauv kev tswj hwm tus kheej.
Kratom tau hais tias nws yog ib qho kev ua kom me ntsis hauv qis tshuaj thiab ib qho sedative hauv koob ntau dua.
Siv rau Kratom
Thaum kratom yog siv los ua kom muaj zog thiab muaj kev nyuab siab, nyob rau xyoo tas los no, kratom tau txais qhov chaw zoo li kev siv tshuaj rau tshuaj opioid xws li hydrocodone (eg, Vicodin) thiab oxycodone (eg, OxyContin). Feem ntau, kratom yog siv los tswj tus mob mob nrog rau tej yam mob xws li mob caj dab thiab mob fibromyalgia.
Kratom tseem siv tau ntxiv raws li cov tshuaj ntsuab herbal rau cov alleviating cov tsos mob nrog opioid thim, xws li cov leeg mob thiab lub siab tsis zoo.
Ib qho Optioid Lwm Yam?
Txij xyoo 1999, cov tshuaj opioids uas muag hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas yuav luag plaub npaug, raws li cov Chaw Tswj thiab Tswj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob (CDC).
Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, cov neeg tuag ntawm cov tshuaj opioids kuj muaj quadrupled. Ntxiv rau, ntau tus neeg tau tuag los ntawm cov tshuaj muaj yees overdoses rau xyoo 2014 tshaj nyob rau lwm lub xyoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, nrog ntau tshaj li ntawm 6 ntawm cov neeg tuag los ntawm kev siv tshuaj.
Muaj ntau cov neeg pabcuam ntawm kratom hais tias tshuaj ntsuab yuav ua haujlwm rau cov teebmeem opioid, ob leeg los ntawm kev muab lwm txoj haujlwm rau qhov mob nyem thiab pabcuam rau cov neeg uas muaj teebmeem txog kev tiv thaiv opioid kev quav tshuaj.
Kev cai
Thaum lub Yim Hli 30, 2016, lub US Department of Inelment Drugs (DEA) tau tshaj tawm lawv lub hom phiaj tso ob lub tshuaj tua kab mob hauv nws daim ntawv Schedule I cov tshuaj sau npe thaum lub Cuaj hli 30, xyoo 2016.
DEA tau txais tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm kev npaj siab nyob rau lub Kaum Hlis, xyoo 2016 thiab tau qhib ib lub sij hawm qhib rau pej xeem saib ntev txog thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1, 2016.
Tsis tas li nrog rau tus nees ej thiab MDMA, Teem Caij Kuv cov tshuaj yog xav tias "tsis tau txais kev kho mob tam sim no thiab muaj peev xwm ua phem rau." Mitragynine thiab 7-hydroxymitragynine yog cov kratom constituents tau muab tso ua ke raws li Teem Caij Kuv siv yeeb siv tshuaj, ua lossis muag cov tshuaj ntsuab txhaum cai. Kratom yuav nyob twj ywm rau hauv daim ntawv Schedule I list rau tsawg kawg yog ob xyoos.
DEA lub hom phiaj tso mitragynine thiab 7-hydroxymitragynine ntawm nws Daim Ntawv Teev Cov Tshuaj Kuv Daim Ntawv Tshuaj tau ntsib nrog ntau qhov kev lag luam. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab lub Cuaj Hlis, xyoo 2016, cov neeg tawm tsam tau tuav lub rooj sib tw thiab tawm ntawm Lafayette Park hauv Washington, DC, thiab tau thov ib daim ntawv thov los ntawm 120,000 tus neeg tawm tsam kev txiav npluav.
Thaum rally, Botanical Education Alliance tus thawj coj Travis Lowin tau hais tias DEA "tau ua tsis tau Ameskas teb rau hauv kev siv zog tiv thaiv cov kab mob opioid, thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm kratom yuav ua rau qhov teeb meem no zuj zus ntxiv."
Raws li cov uas tawm tsam txiav npluav, muab cov kratom's alklaoids rau ntawm daim ntawv teev cov tshuaj kuv yuav xav tau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv rau lub tebchaw.
Nyob rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 14, 2017, tus Thawj Coj Ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas Cov Khoom Noj thiab Tshuaj Yeeb (FDA) Scott Gottlieb, MD, tau tawm tswv yim txog kev noj qab haus huv rau cov kev pheej hmoo hauv kratom.
Cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm Kratom
Li ntawd, nyob deb, luam tawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm kratom cov tau txais txiaj ntsim zoo li kev mob kev mob siab thiab lwm txoj kev siv opioid yog qhov tsis txaus. Cov kev tshawb fawb muaj xws li daim ntawv tshaj tawm uas luam tawm hauv International Journal of Drug Policy hauv xyoo 2010, rau cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom 136 cov neeg siv dej ntawm kratom thiab pom hais tias cov tshuaj ntsuab tau "txhais tau tias yog pheej yig, yooj yim muaj thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov teeb meem txawm ntev mus." Tsab ntawv qhia no tsis muaj xeem los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas cov teebmeem lossis kev muaj mob loj.
Nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv qhia ntau tshaj tawm, luam tawm nyob rau hauv Kev Siv Tshuaj thiab Cawv Rau Xyoo 2014, cov neeg tshawb fawb tau tshawb xyuas 293 cov neeg siv kratom li niaj zaus thiab txiav txim siab tias ntau tshaj ib nrab tau tsim teeb meem loj heev. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim nrog kratom tshem tawm nrog rau cov leeg ntshais, kev cuam tshuam kev tsaug zog, kev npau taws, thiab kev nruj.
Txoj kev tshawb xyuas nas-qhov kws luam tawm nyob huv phaab kws tshuaj txug Cheeb Tsam xyoo 2016 kws puav leej has tas tsi zoo kws ua rua kratom tsi xob qeeb rua qhov kws zoo ib yaam le lwm yaam yeeb-tshuaj kws zoo ib yaam le morphine. Vim tias kev tuag vim kev opioid overdose yog feem ntau ntawm cov kev nyuab siab ntawm txoj kev nyuab siab, qhov kev tshawb nrhiav qhov kev tshawb pom pom zoo hais tias kev tshawb fawb ntxiv rau lub tebchaw hauv kratom yog qhov kev lees paub.
Tej Teebmeem thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb
Kratom zoo li ua rau xeev siab, ntuav, tawm hws, thiab kiv taub hau, qee zaum.
Txij thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj 2010 txog Lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj 2015, Tebchaws Asmeskas cov tshuaj lom neeg tuaj yeem tau txais 660 tus xov tooj hu nrog kratom raug, raws li DEA.
DEA kuj hais tias kev siv kratom tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv, thiab "ntau tus neeg ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws los ntawm kev siv kratom tau raug tshaj tawm, uas cov neeg muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm kratom pom muaj cov kev mob tshwm sim, nrog rau kev xav, kev xav tsis meej, thiab tsis meej pem."
Cov tsos mob ntawm kev txav deb, uas feem ntau pom tau tias yuav mob me me zoo dua li cov tshuaj siv yeeb tshuaj, tau qhia txog, xws li mob nqaij ntshiv thiab mob, tsaug zog, kub kub ceev, kub cev, qhov muag, qhov ntswg, tsis hnov lus, tsis muaj teeb meem, thiab raws plab .
Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau qhia txog kev qaug zog, kev tsiv plawv, kev ntxhov siab, kev mob ntshav siab, tsis muaj ntshav siab, tsis muaj zog, hypothyroidism, qaug dab peg, psychosis, kab mob siab, thiab coma rau cov neeg siv kratom, nws tsis paub ntau npaum li cas vim yog kratom.
Cov teeb meem tshwm sim tuaj yeem siab dua thaum nws tau siv cov tshuaj tua kabmob (uas muaj lub hwjtxwv siab dua), sib xyaw nrog lwm yam kev quav tshuaj, yeeb tshuaj, lossis poj niam txiv neej, los yog thaum nws raug coj los ntawm cov neeg uas muaj cawv siv kab mob, keeb kwm kev ua phem heroin, tej yam kev mob.
DEA tau sau tseg tias kratom tau txuam nrog 30 cov neeg tuag thoob plaws ntiaj teb, tsis muaj qhov tsis tshwm ntsej muag vim yog kratom. Ntawm 15 lub tsev hais plaub txog kev tuag uas tau tshwm sim thaum xyoo 2014 thiab xyoo 2016, 14 koom nrog lwm cov yeeb tshuaj lossis cov tshuaj tsis raug cai. Ib pawg ntawm nine tuag tshaj overdoses nyob rau hauv Sweden tau txuas mus rau ib yam khoom muag raws li "Krypton", uas tau pom los ua laced nrog O-desmethyltramadol, ib tug opiate txog tramadol.
Raws li FDA advisory, "FDA yog paub txog cov ntawv ceeb toom ntawm 36 tus neeg tuag nrog kev siv cov khoom muaj kratom."
Koj tuaj yeem kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog kev siv tshuaj rau kev nyab xeeb, tab sis nco ntsoov tias cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuab tsis saib xyuas los ntawm US Food and Drug Administration ua ntej lawv ntaus lub lag luam. Yog li, tsis muaj qhov lees paub tias qhov ntxiv yuav muaj cov khoom xyaw uas teev rau ntawm daim ntawv lo (los yog cov khoom xyaw uas tshwm sim ntawm cov nqi uas tau muab). Kev zais thiab paug nrog lwm cov tshuaj, tshuaj ntsuab, thiab tshuaj yeeb dej caw yog ua tau.
Lo Lus Ntawm
Nyob nrog qhov mob tsis yooj yim. Yog tias koj nyob nrog qhov mob, koj twb paub tag nrho dhau los nrog rau cov nyhuv: nws muaj peev xwm ua tau rau koj lub neej zoo.
Yog tias koj xav tias sim ua kratom, koj yuav tsum nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham ua ntej.
Qee qhov chaw kho mob muaj kev soj ntsuam kev sib txuam ua ke, nrog rau kev kho mob ntawm qhov mob, tswj los yog daws qhov mob. Piv txwv li, lub siab (thiab lwm cov kev xav hauv lub hlwb) yuav pab tau qee cov neeg muaj kev tswj hwm txawm tias muaj teeb meem ntawm lub neej txhua hnub.
> Qhov chaw:
> Adkins JE, Boyer EW, McCurdy CR. Mitragyna speciosa, ib tsob ntoo ntawm paj hlwb los ntawm sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj nrog kev ua si. Npaum saum Med Chem. 2011; 11 (9): 1165-75.
> Prozialeck WC, Jivan JK, Andurkar SV. Pharmacology ntawm kratom: ib tus kabmob botanical tshiab nrog cov tshuaj tua kabmob, cov kev mob nkeeg thiab cov tshuaj zoo li yeeb tshuaj. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2012 Dec; 112 (12): 792-9.
> Singh D, Müller CP, Vicknasingam BK. Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) nyob ntawm seb, tshem tawm cov tsos mob thiab kev ntxub hauv cov neeg siv li niaj zaus. Kev haus dej cawv haus. 2014 Jun 1; 139: 132-7.
> Váradi A, Marrone GF, Palmer TC, li al. Mitragynine / Corynantheidine Pseudoindoxyls Raws li Opioid Tshuaj Ntsuam Nrog Mu Agonism thiab Delta Antagonism, Uas Tsis Txuag β-Arrestin-2. J Med Chem. 2016 Sep 2.
> Vicknasingam B, Narayanan S, Beng GT, Mansor SM. Qhov siv cov ketum (Mitragyna speciosa) rau opioid thim nyob rau sab qaum teb lub xeev ntawm peninsular Malaysia thiab qhov cuam tshuam rau tshuaj hloov chaw kho mob. Int J Txheem Txoj Cai. 2010 Jul; 21 (4): 283-8.
> Disclaimer: Cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob hauv lub vev xaib no yog npaj rau kev kawm xwb thiab tsis yog ib qho chaw hloov tswv yim, kuaj lossis kho los ntawm ib tus kws kho mob uas muaj ntawv tso cai. Nws tsis yog los npog tag nrho tej yam yuav tau ceev faj, kev sib tiv tau yeeb tshuaj, kev tshwm sim lossis kev phom sij. Koj yuav tsum nrhiav kev kho mob sai rau txhua yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv thiab nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham ua ntej siv lwm yam tshuaj los yog hloov koj txoj kev tswj hwm.