Cov yam ntxwv loj thiab cov txheej xwm raws li Piaget
Cov txheej txheem preoperational yog theem ob hauv Piaget qhov kev xav ntawm kev paub txog kev loj hlob . Cov theem no pib hnub nyoog li 2 xyoos thaum cov me nyuam pib tham thiab kav txog ntua hnub nyoog 7 xyoo. Thaum lub caij no, cov me nyuam pib koom ua cim ua cim thiab kawm ua cov cim. Txawm li cas los xij, Piaget sau tseg tias lawv tsis totaub cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Preoperational Stage
Qib preoperational tshwm sim roughly thaum muaj hnub nyoog 2 thiab 7.
Kev txhim kho cov lus yog ib qho ntawm cov cim ntawm lub sijhawm no. Piaget tau sau tseg hais tias cov me nyuam hauv theem no tseem tsis tau to taub cov tswv yim ua lag luam, tsis tuaj yeem xav siv cov ntaub ntawv thiab tsis tuaj yeem saib qhov pom ntawm lwm tus neeg, uas nws hais txog kev ncaj ncees .
Thaum lub sijhawm ua ntej ua ntej, cov menyuam yaus kuj ua haujlwm zoo ntxiv thaum siv cov cim, zoo li muaj kev nce qib hauv kev ua si thiab ua piv txwv. Piv txwv li, ib tug me nyuam yeej siv tau ib yam khoom los sawv cev rau lwm yam, xws li ua ib lub khaub thuas yog ib tug nees. Kev ua si kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum lub sij hawm ua ntej tso. Cov menyuam yaus feem ntau ua cov luag haujlwm ntawm "mommy," "father", "tus kws kho mob," thiab ntau lwm cov cim.
Egocentrism Nyob rau hauv Preoperational Stage
Piaget siv ntau cov tswv yim zoo thiab ntse los kawm txog cov kev xav ntawm cov menyuam. Ib qho ntawm cov hom phiaj nto moo los qhia txog egocentrism txuam nrog kev siv peb qhov duab ntawm lub roob scene.
Feem ntau yog hu ua "Peb Lub Pob Ua Haujlwm," cov menyuam yaus raug xaiv kom xaiv cov duab uas qhia txog qhov lawv tau pom.
Feem ntau cov me nyuam muaj peev xwm ua tau qhov no nrog me ntsis nyuaj. Tom ntej no, cov menyuam tau raug xaiv los xaiv ib daim duab uas qhia tias lwm tus neeg yuav pom qhov twg thaum saib lub roob los ntawm lwm qhov pom.
Tsis li, cov me nyuam yuav luag txhua zaus xaiv qhov chaw uas lawv pom ntawm lub roob phom. Raws li Piaget, cov me nyuam ntsib qhov teeb meem no vim lawv tsis tuaj yeem siv lwm tus neeg lub tswv yim.
Lwm cov neeg tshawb xyuas kuj ua cov kev sim zoo ib yam. Hauv ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav, cov me nyuam tau pom ib chav hauv ib lub tsev me me. Cov me nyuam tau pom hauv lub tsev me nyuam uas ib qho khoom ua si muab zais tom qab ib daig ntawm rooj tog. Tom qab ntawd, cov me nyuam tau mus rau hauv chav tsev loj uas yog ib qho me me ntawm qhov dollhouse. Cov me nyuam yaus tsis to taub zoo saib tom qab lub couch nrhiav cov khoom ua si, hos cov me nyuam loj me me tam sim ntawd tshawb rau cov khoom ua si.
Cov kws paub txog kev puas siab puas ntsws hais txog kev muaj peev xwm to taub tias lwm tus neeg muaj qhov kev xam pom, kev xav, thiab kev xav hauv hlwb xws li kev xav ntawm lub hlwb.
Kev txuag nyob rau hauv Preoperational theem
Lwm qhov kev paub zoo tshaj plaws yog qhia tau tus me nyuam txoj kev to taub txog kev txuag. Hauv ib qhov kev txuag kev txuag, sib npaug sib npaug ntawm cov kua no tau muab pov rau hauv ob lub thauv pov tseg. Cov kua hauv ib lub thawv ces muab nchuav rau hauv ib lub khob zoo li cas, xws li lub khob siab ntev thiab lub khob loj los yog lub khob loj thiab dav. Tom qab ntawd, cov me nyuam yuav tsum nug cov khob haus dej ntau tshaj plaws.
Txawm tias pom tau tias cov kua dej sib npaug sib npaug, cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum xaiv lub khob uas pom zoo.
Piaget tau ua ntau yam kev sim ntawm kev txuag cov naj npawb, qhov ntev, qhov hnyav, qhov hnyav, ntim, thiab ntau npaum li cas. Nws pom hais tias ob peb tug me nyuam tau pom muaj kev nkag siab ntawm kev txuag ua ntej lub hnub nyoog tsib xyoos.
Lo Lus Ntawm
Raws li koj tau pom, ntau ntau ntawm Piaget qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov theem ntawm kev txhim kho rau cov menyuam yaus ua tsis tau . Lub tswv yim ntawm egocentrism thiab kev txuag yog ob qho tib si ntawm kev muaj peev xwm uas cov me nyuam tseem tsis tau tsim; lawv tsis nkag siab tias tej yam zoo txawv rau lwm tus neeg thiab cov khoom ntawd tuaj yeem hloov nyob rau hauv tsos thaum tseem tswj xyuas tib yam khoom.
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua tus pom zoo nrog Piaget qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov menyuam lub peev xwm. Tus kws tshawb fawb Martin Hughes, piv txwv tias, yog vim li cas cov me nyuam tau ua txhaum ntawm txoj hauj lwm peb lub cuab tam tsuas yog lawv tsis to taub nws. Nyob hauv txoj kev sim uas koom tes siv cov me nyuam roj hmab, Hughes pom tau tias cov me nyuam muaj hnub nyoog li 4 xyoos muaj peev xwm nkag siab txog qhov teeb meem los ntawm ntau qhov kev pom, qhia hais tias cov me nyuam tsis tau qis dua me me ntawm lub hnub nyoog yau dua Piaget.
> Qhov chaw:
Rathus, SA. (2011). Tus Menyuam Yaus thiab Tus Hluas: Voyages in Development. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning; 2011.
Santrock, JW. Tej Yam Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Lom Zog rau Kev Ua Lag Luam Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill College; 2014.
Sigelman, CK, & Rider, EA. Life-Span Human Development. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning; 2012.