Yuav ua li cas Psychologists kuaj cov me nyuam 'tob tob
Lub nrig pob tsuas yog ib qho kev pom tseeb, tiam sis tsis tshua poob ntawm ib qhov chaw mus rau lwm tus, pib tsim los kuaj cov me nyuam lub qhov tob tob. Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev siv lub iav pob tshab los mus rau ib qho qauv ntawm qhov sib txawv. Hauv pem teb hauv qab no muaj qhov txawv tib yam nkaus li lub qhov hluav taws xob opaque. Cov cuab yeej no tsim ib qho kev pom tsis meej ntawm ib caj dab thaum tiv thaiv qhov raug mob ntawm kev raug mob.
Keeb Kwm Ntawm Qhov Nrig Qhia Nruab Nrab
Yuav kom ntsuam xyuas qhov tob pom, cov kws kho mob psychologists EJ Gibson thiab RD Walk tsim qhov kev ntsuam xyuas pob txha siv los siv cov tib neeg mos thiab cov tsiaj. Cov kev tshawb fawb dhau los tau qhia tias cov me nyuam mos liab yuav teb rau ntau qhov tob cues txawm tias ua ntej lawv tuaj yeem nkag.
Qhov tob cues pub rau neeg txhawm rau pom qhov tob hauv qhov muag pom. Cov no tuaj yeem muaj xws li ob qho tib si ntawm cov ntsiab lus xws li cov txheeb ze thiab sib sib zog, lossis cov cwj pwm ua ke xws li retinal disparity. Gibson thiab Taug Kev xav paub seb puas yog tus menyuam tsis muaj peev xwm los xam pom qhov tob tob yog tus cwj pwm kawm los sis yog tias nws yog, raws li lawv xav tias, yog poj niam.
Gibson thiab Taug kev piav qhia lawv cov duab cliff apparatus raws li ib daim ntawv loj ntawm hnyav Plexiglass txhawb nqa ib qho taw los sis ntau dua hauv av.
Nyob ntawm ib sab ntawm lub iav, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom zoo siab yog nias rau ntawm lub vev xaib kom cov iav pom. Tib cov ntaub ntawv yog tso rau hauv pem teb hauv qab no lub khob, tsim lub visual illusion ntawm ib lub pob tsuas.
Qhov kev tso cai rau cov neeg tshawb fawb los kuaj me nyuam txoj kev pom zoo thaum tseem ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lawv cov tub ntxhais hluas.
Pom Nrig Cliff Infant Test
Hauv kev sim, ib tus menyuam raug muab tso rau ntawm ib qho kawg ntawm lub khoos phis thiab tus neeg zov menyuam sawv sab nraud ntawm lub sab nraud. Lub tswv yim yog tias yog tus me nyuam tau tsim qhov kev xam pom, nws yuav pom tau tias nws yog tus neeg pom thiab nws tsis kam los yog tsis kam ua rau tus neeg zov me nyuam.
Nws kuj tau lam xav tias cov me nyuam mos uas tseem tsis tau paub qhov tob tshaj plaws yuav nkag siab zoo rau lawv cov neeg zov me nyuam yam tsis tau pom qhov kev poob qis.
Gibson thiab taug kev txiav txim tias lub peev xwm los xav txog qhov tob tuaj yeem tshwm sim ib ncig ntawm lub hnub nyoog uas tus me nyuam mos pib nkag. Cov kev ntshai ntawm qhov siab, lawv pom tias, yog ib yam uas kawm tom qab tseem yog kev paub nrog cov pob, kev sib tsoo, thiab kev poob.
To taub cov duab nrig
Pib, psychologists ntseeg tias kev xaav ntawm qhov muag pob tsuas yog ib lub teeb meem ntawm lub cev thiab kev pom tau qhov loj hlob. Cov me nyuam yaus pom tau qhov sib txawv ntawm lub hnub nyoog 8 lub hlis, thaum cov me nyuam mos uas muaj qhov tob tob hauv qhov kev xav tsis pom lub pob tsuas.
Vim hais tias cov me nyuam muaj 6 hli yuav raug ntxig ntxig rau thoob plaws lub qhov muag pom kev, thaum cov me nyuam 10-hlis tsis kam hla qhov chaw pib, nws tau pom tias cov me nyuam yau tsis tau tsim qhov kev xav tob tob thaum cov menyuam loj hlob.
Tom qab ntawd, kev tshawb nrhiav tau pom tias cov me nyuam muaj hnub nyoog li 3 lub hlis yuav pom tau tias cov pob zeb nrig. Thaum muab tso rau ntawm qhov pom tseeb "ntug," lawv lub plawv dhia paj paws, qhov muag loj, thiab ua pa nyuaj nce. Yog li, yog tias cov me nyuam mos liab no pom tau lub pob zeb nrig, vim li cas lawv thiaj kam nkag siab tias zoo li cas?
Qhov teeb meem yog tias cov me nyuam hauv lub hnub nyoog no tseem tsis tau paub tseeb tias qhov yuav tau ua mus dhau ntawm lub qhov muag nrig yog qhov uas yuav poob. Qhov kev paub no tsuas yog los tom qab thaum tus me nyuam pib nkag los thiab tau txais kev paub tiag tiag nrog kev noj cov tumbles.
Kev siv:
Campos, JJ, li al. (1978). Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ntshai nyob rau hauv lub nrig txog kev lag luam. Hauv Michael Lewis thiab Leonard A. Rosenblum (Eds.). Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev cuam tshuam. New York: Plenum.
Gibson, EJ & Mus ncig, RD (Plaub Hlis 1960). Lub "Pom Nrig". Scientific American.