Tus kws tshaj liaj-neeg saib kev ncaj ncees yog ib lub sij hawm hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev xav txog kev siv tus kheej ua rau yus tus kheej ua rau sab nraud vim tias lwm tus neeg coj tus cwj pwm ua rau sab hauv. Nws yog ib hom kev cai tswjfwm uas ua rau lub luag haujlwm yog qhov peb paub thiab sib raug zoo nrog lwm tus neeg. Yeej tseem zoo tib neeg, cov neeg yuav los ua cov yeeb yam sib txawv nyob ntawm seb lawv puas yog tus tub paj nruag lossis tus neeg saib xyuas hauv qhov xwm txheej.
Actor-Observer Ib
Tus neeg ua yeeb yam-neeg soj ntsuam kev sib tw nyhav kom tshaj qhia tau ntau zaus thaum qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo. Piv txwv, thaum muaj ib tug neeg tau ntsib tej yam tsis zoo, tus neeg yuav ua rau nws raug xwm txheej ntau zaus. Thaum muaj tej yam tsis zoo tshwm sim rau lwm tus neeg, neeg feem ntau yuav ua txhaum rau tus neeg vim lawv xaiv, tus cwj pwm, thiab cov yeeb yam.
Piv txwv, thaum tus kws kho mob qhia ib tug neeg tias lawv cov qib roj cholesterol siab zog, tus neeg mob yuav raug lwm tus sab nraud uas tsis muaj kev tswj hwm xws li caj ces lossis ib puag ncig teeb meem. Tab sis li cas thaum twg lwm tus pom tias lawv cov qib roj cholesterol siab dhau lawm? Thaum zoo li no, cov tib neeg yog tus cwj pwm tsis zoo rau yam khoom noj xws li tsis noj haus thiab tsis muaj kev qoj ib ce. Ua lwm yam lus, thaum nws tshwm sim rau peb, nws tsis yog peb tswj, tab sis thaum nws tshwm sim rau lwm tus, nws yog tag nrho lawv cov txhaum.
Cov neeg tshawb nrhiav pom tau hais tias tib neeg yuav tsum ua raws li qhov kev tsis txaus siab ntawm cov neeg lawv paub zoo, xws li cov phooj ywg thiab tsev neeg. Vim li cas? Vim tias peb muaj cov lus qhia ntxiv txog cov kev xav tau, kev txhawb zog , thiab kev xav ntawm cov neeg no, peb muaj peev xwm tshaj tawm rau sab nraud cov rog uas cuam tshuam rau tus cwj pwm.
To taub tus Actor-Observer Ib
Yog li dab tsi ua rau tus neeg ua yeeb yam? Ib qhov ua tau yog tias thaum tib neeg koom nrog ib qho teeb meem, lawv tsis tuaj yeem pom lawv tus kheej ua. Thaum lawv yog tus saib xyuas, txawm li ntawd los, lawv muaj peev xwm saib tau tus cwj pwm ntawm lwm tus neeg. Vim li no, cov neeg muaj feem ntau xav txog qhov muaj zog ntawm qhov muaj zog thaum muaj kev nqis tes ua lawv tus kheej, tseem ceeb rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm thaum piav txog lwm tus neeg tus cwj pwm.
Piv txwv, xav hais tias koj chav kawm ntawv tau npaj txhij mus xeem tus xeem loj. Koj tsis ua raws li koj tus kheej txoj kev kawm (los yog tsis muaj nws) ua ntej mus rau qhov kev xeem tab sis tsom ntsoov rau cov kev hloov ntawm qhov kev cuam tshuam uas cuam tshuam koj qhov kev xeem ntawm qhov kev xeem. Lub chav ntawd kub thiab tsis zoo, koj cwj mem tsis tau tawg, thiab tus tub ntxhais kawm nyob ib sab ntawm koj pheej ua txhua yam hauv kev sim siab. Thaum koj tau txais koj cov qhab-nees rov qab thiab paub tias koj tau ua tsis zoo, koj ua txhaum rau cov kev cuam tshuam lwm yam rau koj qhov kev ua tsis zoo es tsis lees paub koj txoj kev kawm tsis zoo ua ntej kev xeem.
Ib qho ntawm koj cov phooj ywg kuj ua tsis zoo, tab sis koj xav li cas nws nquag skips rau hauv chav kawm, tsis txhob nyeem nws phau ntawv nyeem, thiab yeej tsis siv cov ntawv. Tam sim no koj yog tus saib xyuas, cov cuabyeej uas koj ua haujlwm ua haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm nrog rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm qhov tseemceeb uas koj xav tau rau koj tus kheej cov qhab-nees xeem.
Nws Muaj Dab tsi?
Obviously, actor-observer bias yuav yog problematic thiab feem ntau ua rau tsis to taub thiab txawm sib ceg.
"Nyob rau hauv qhov kev sib cav, nws yuav tshwm sim rau ob tog pom lawv tus kheej raws li qhov ua rau lwm tus ua." Nws tau pib! "Yog ib qho kev tsis txaus siab, feem ntau tau hnov ob sab, vim tias txhua tus cwj pwm nws tus cwj pwm mus rau qhov teeb meem tab sis lwm tus 'cwj pwm rau lawv qhov zoo thiab lwm yam khoom, "sau ntawv Baumeister thiab Bushman piav qhia hauv lawv phau ntawv Social Psychology thiab Human Nature . "Nws zoo li kev xav tias lawv sib ntaus sib tua vim lawv txhais tau tias, peb yog sib ntaus sib tua vim lawv tau tawm tsam peb.
Los yog, nyob rau hauv cov lus yooj yim ntawm pro hockey ua si Barry Beck ntawm ib tug brawl uas tau tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug kev ua si, 'Peb muaj tsuas yog ib tug neeg mus liam, thiab hais tias yog txhua lwm yam!' "
Kuj Puas Paub Raws Li: Tus Cwj Pwm-Soj Ntsuam Tsis Txaus Siab, Tus Cwj Pwm Ntxov-Observer
> Qhov chaw:
Aron, A., Aron, EN, & Smollan, D. Txheej ntawm lwm tus hauv nws tus kheej thiab tus qauv ntawm cov neeg txav ze. Phau Ntawv Cim Pwm thiab Kev Psychology. 1992; 63: 596-612.
Baumeister, RF, & Bushman, B. Social Psychology thiab Human Nature, Comprehensive Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth; 2014.
Jones, EE, & Nisbett, RE Tus Actor thiab Tus Neeg Paub: Tus Cwj Pwm Cuam Tshuam ntawm Cwj Pwm . New York: General Learning Xovxwm; Xyoo 1971.