Nws tshawb txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hlub thiab kev sib raug zoo
Harry Harlow yog ib tug neeg puas hlwb hauv Miskas uas zoo tshaj plaws-nws nco txog nws cov kev sib cav sib ceg tsis sib haum xeeb thiab feem ntau kev ua siab phem nrog cov rhesus liab. Yuav kom kawm txog qhov teebmeem ntawm kev yug menyuam thiab kev sib cais, Harlow tso me nyuam mos liab hauv cov chav tsev sib cais. Qee qhov kev hloov ntawm qhov kev sim uas muab tso rau hauv cov liab nrog leej niam leej twg ua los ntawm cov xaim los yog daim ntaub mus pom uas cov me nyuam mos liab nyiam.
Hauv lwm zaus, cov liab raug tsim los ntawm kev sib cais tag nrho ntev li ntev tau 24 lub hlis, ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb.
Harlow txoj kev tshawb fawb tau pab peb txoj kev to taub txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev saib xyuas, kev hlub, thiab kev sib raug zoo thaum ntxov hauv lub neej. Hauv ib qho kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov kws paub txog kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, Harlow tau sau tseg tias 26th tus kws kho mob feem ntau yog tus kws tshawb fawb.
Kawm ntxiv txog nws lub neej, nws txoj haujlwm, thiab nws txoj kev koom tes rau kev xav.
"Yog li ntawd, kev hlub los yog kev hlub yog kev txhawj xeeb, cov kws kho mob tau ua tsis tiav ntawm lawv txoj hauj lwm. - Harry Harlow, "Qhov Zoo ntawm Kev Hlub," 1958
Zoo Tshaj Plaws Rau
- Kev sim cais tawm nrog rhesus liab
Yug thiab tuag
- Harry Harlow yug rau lub Kaum Hlis 31, 1905, hauv Fairfield, Iowa.
- Nws tuag rau Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 6, 1981, hauv Tuscan, Arizona.
Nws lub neej thaum ntxov
Harry Harlow (yug Harry Ixayees) loj hlob hauv Iowa thiab tom qab ntawd mus kawm Reed College hauv Portland, Oregon tau ib xyoos. Tom qab dhau txoj kev xeem tshwj xeeb, nws kawm nyob rau hauv Stanford University uas nws pib ua lus Askiv loj.
Nws cov qhab nia phem dhau heev lawm tias tom qab ib semester nws tau hloov mus rau txoj kev tshawb fawb txog kev xav.
Thaum lub sijhawm ntawm Stanford, Harlow tau kawm nrog tus kws tshawb fawb Lewis Terman uas tau tsim txoj kev paub Stanford-Binet txawj ntse . Nyob rau hauv xyoo 1930, nws khwv tau nws Ph.D. nyob rau hauv Psychology thiab tom qab hloov nws lub xeem lub npe los ntawm cov neeg Ixayees mus Harlow.
Harlow Txoj Haujlwm thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb
Tom qab kawm tiav ntawm Stanford, Harlow tau muab txoj hauj lwm hauv University of Wisconsin-Madison. Thaum nws nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv, nws tau tsim cov Kev Lij Choj Ua Haujlwm uas nws yuav ua nws cov kev sib cav sib ceg tsis sib haum xeeb. Harlow cov qauv ntawm cov kev sim raug tsim los ntawm 1957 thiab 1963 thiab koom tes nrog cais cov rhais liab ntawm cov niam lawv txiv tom qab yug me nyuam. Cov me nyuam mos liab tau hloov siab los ntawm cov niam cov txiv nkawg txheeb.
Nyob rau hauv ib zaj dab neeg ntawm txoj kev sim, ib qho ntawm "leej niam" raug ua los ntawm cov xaim thaum sib npaug nrog ib daim ntaub muag. Harlow pom tias tsis hais txog los yog tsis yog daim ntaub npog uas niam tau muab zaub mov, me nyuam mos liab yuav tuav rawv nws txoj kev nplij siab. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov liab tsuas xaiv tus niam hlau thaum nws npaj zaub mov.
Harlow tau qhia nws cov qhab nia ntawm lub rooj sib tham nrog cov neeg tshawb fawb hauv xyoo 1958 thiab nws tau tshaj tawm nws cov kev tshawb pom hauv nws tsab ntawv xov xwm hu ua "Qhov Kev Zoo ntawm" nyob rau hauv phau ntawv hu ua American Psychologist .
Tom qab ntawd, cov thwj sim ntsia kev sib cais los ntawm kev rhuav tshem rhais liab los ntawm kev sib cais tag nrho lossis ib nrab. Harlow thiab nws cov tub ntxhais kawm tau pom tias kev sib cais ua rau muaj ntau yam kev tsis zoo tshwm sim xws li mob nyhav heev thiab txawm tuag.
Dab tsi yog Harry Harlow cov nyiaj pab rau Psychology?
Harlow qhov kev sim ua rau nws xav tsis thoob thiab tsis sib haum xeeb. Feem coob yuav xav txog kev ua tsis raws kev cai hnub no. Txawm li cas los xij, nws txoj kev tshawb fawb tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho peb txoj kev to taub txog me nyuam txoj kev loj hlob. Ua ntej xav txog Harlow lub sij hawm hais tias qhov kev mloog lus rau cov me nyuam yaus yuav "lwj" lawv thiab kev hlub yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj kev txwv.
Harlow txoj hauj lwm no ua rau pom tseeb tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim muaj kev ruaj ntseg, ruaj ntseg, thiab kev txhawb nqa kev sib raug zoo nrog cov neeg zov me nyuam thaum tseem yau.
Ntau tus kws kho mob thaum lub sij hawm tseem ntseeg hais tias kev pub mis yog thawj lub zog ntawm niam thiab me nyuam cov nyiaj. Harlow txoj haujlwm tau qhia tias thaum pub mis nyuj tseem ceeb, nws yog qhov sib txig ntawm lub cev thiab tiv tauj kom zoo rau txoj kev nplij siab thiab kev nyab xeeb uas tus menyuam xav tau kev txhim kho. Harlow txoj haujlwm nrog rau lwm cov neeg tshawb nrhiav txog kev xav txog psychologist John Bowlby thiab menyuam yaus Benjamin Spock tau pab txhawb kom muaj kev cia siab rau peb txoj kev saib xyuas me nyuam thiab kev tu menyuam.
Cov Ntawv Tshaj Lij Xaiv
- Harlow, HF (Xyoo 1950. Cov kab mob cortical loj heev ntawm tus cwj pwm kev kawm hauv cov liab.
- Harlow, HF (1958). Kev Lom Cim Txheeb Kom Muaj Cwj Pwm thiab Biochemical Cov Cai. University of Wisconsin Xovxwm.
- Harlow, HF, li al. (1971). Cov neeg tu siab: Kev tshawb fawb hauv kev nyuaj siab. Psychology Niaj hnub no 4 (12) , 61-63.
- Harlow, HF (1973). Tus niam txiv uas muaj peev xwm hloov tau nce mus rau cov menyuam mos liab. Cwj Pwm Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Txoj Kev 5 (3), 269-272.
- Harlow, HF (1975). Siab, latency, thiab hlub: Simian secrets ntawm kev sib deev zoo. Ntawv Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Sib Duas Ntsib 11 (2), 79-90.
Pom kev nyeem ntawv
- Harlow, HF (1958). Qhov xwm ntawm kev hlub. American Psychologist, 13, 673-685.
- Blum, D. (2002). Kev hlub ntawm Goon Park . New York: Perseus Publishing.