John B. Watson yog ib tus kws tshawb fawb txog kev puas hlwb uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev coj tus cwj pwm . Watson ntseeg tias kev xav li kev xav yuav tsum yog kev coj tus cwj pwm zoo. Nws yog nco txog nws txoj kev tshawb fawb txog kev ua tus txheej txheem , nrog rau qhov Kev Ntsuas Ua Ntej Little, uas nws tau qhia tias tus me nyuam yuav tsum tau ua kom ntshai tsam ib qho kev nyuab siab yav dhau los.
Nws cov kev tshawb fawb kuj qhia tias qhov kev ntshai no yuav muaj feem xyuam rau lwm yam khoom sib xws.
Thaum Ntxov Lub neej
John B. Watson yug lub Ib Hlis 9, 1878, thiab loj hlob nyob rau hauv South Carolina. Thaum nws ho piav nws tus kheej los ua ib tus menyuam kawm ntawv, nws nkag mus hauv Furman University thaum nws muaj hnub nyoog 16 xyoo. Tom qab kawm tiav tsib xyoo tom qab kawm tiav, nws pib kawm psychology hauv University of Chicago, tau txais nws cov Ph.D. nyob rau hauv psychology nyob rau hauv 1903.
Hauj Lwm
Watson pib qhia txog kev xav ntawm psychology nyob rau hauv Johns Hopkins University xyoo 1908. Xyoo 1913, nws tau muab lus qhuab qhia zoo nyob hauv Columbia University hu ua "Psychology ua tus Cwj Pwm Saib Views," uas yog qhov tseem ntsiab lus ntawm tus neeg coj tus cwj pwm.
Raws li Watson, psychology yuav tsum yog qhov kev coj ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm.
"Lub tswv yim ntawm qhov kev xav tau yog lub homphiaj ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev xeeb txawm los ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev tshawb fawb (natural science) Lub tswv yim theoretical yog qhov twv ua ntej thiab tswj kev coj tus cwj pwm tsis muaj ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm nws txoj kev, thiab tsis yog qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm nws cov ntaub ntawv raws li npaj tau uas lawv qiv lawv tus kheej txhais txoj kev txhais tau tias txoj kev nco qab. "- John B. Watson," Psychology as Behaviour Views It, "1913
Lub "Little Albert" sim
Nyob rau hauv nws feem ntau nto moo thiab muaj teeb meem kev sim , paub hnub no raws li "Little Albert" xyaum ua tej yam , John Watson thiab ib tug pab ua tiav npe hu ua Rosalie Rayner conditioned ib tug me nyuam kom ntshai ib tug dawb nas. Lawv ua tiav qhov no los ntawm kev sib khi ua ke nrog cov xim dawb nrog lub suab nrov nrov, kev sib ceg sib ntaus sib tua.
Lawv kuj pom tau tias qhov kev ntshai no yuav muaj feem xyuam rau lwm tus dawb, cov khoom ua plaub ntxhov. Cov kev coj ntawm cov kev sim yog feem ntau criticized hnub no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim hais tias tus me nyuam qhov kev ntshai ntawd tsis yog tsis muaj kev kho.
Xyoo 2009, cov kws tshawb fawb tau taw qhia Me Albert li ib tug tub hu ua Douglas Merritte. Nug ua dab tsi tshwm sim rau tus me nyuam tau xav ntau xyoo rau xyoo. Tu siab, cov neeg soj ntsuam pom tau hais tias tus menyuam tuag thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6 leej ntawm tus mob hydrocephalus, uas yog mob hauv lub cev pob txha.
Xyoo 2012, kws tshawb fawb tau muab pov thawj tias Merritte raug kev nyuaj siab los ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws thaum lub sij hawm ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb me ntsis thiab tias Watson yuav tau los qhia misrepresented tus tub raws li "zoo" thiab "ib txwm" me nyuam mos.
Tawm hauv kev kawm Academia
Watson tseem nyob hauv Johns Hopkins University mus txog 1920. Nws muaj kev ywj pheej nrog Rayner, sib nrauj nws thawj tus poj niam, thiab ces tau nug los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv kom tau nws tawm nws txoj hauj lwm. Watson tom qab nws tau sib yuav Rayner thiab ob tug nyob ua ke mus txog thaum nws tuag hauv xyoo 1935. Tom qab tawm hauv nws qhov chaw kawm, Watson tau pib ua hauj lwm rau ib lub koom haum advertising uas nws nyob twj ywm kom txog thaum nws tawm haujlwm xyoo 1945.
Thaum lub sijhawm kawg ntawm nws lub neej, Watson txoj kev tsis sib raug zoo nrog nws cov menyuam yaus loj hlob zuj zus.
Nws siv nws lub xyoo dhau los ua neej nyob rau hauv ib thaj chaw hauv Connecticut. Tsis ntev ua ntej nws tuag rau lub Cuaj Hlis 25, 1958, nws tau kub hnyiab ntau nws cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntawv sau tsis txheeb.
Txoj kev koom tes rau Psychology
Watson tau teem sijhawm rau tus cwj pwm, uas tsis ntev sawv los ua tus thawj coj. Thaum kev coj cwj pwm pib poob nws txoj haujlwm tom qab xyoo 1950, ntau lub ntsiab lus thiab kev ntseeg tseem siv tseem niaj hnub siv. Kev txhim kho thiab kev coj cwj pwm yog tseem siv dav hauv kev kho mob thiab kev coj cwj pwm kom pab cov neeg hloov cov teeb meem muaj teeb meem thiab tsim cov kev txawj tshiab.
Achievements thiab khoom plig
Watson lub neej muaj kev vam meej thiab kev qhuas muaj xws li:
- 1915-Pab raws li tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub koom haum American Psychological Association (APA)
- 1919-Tshaj tawm "Psychology Los Ntawm Qhov Muag ntawm Tus Cwj Pwm"
- 1925-Luam tawm "Cwj pwm zoo"
- 1928-Tshaj tawm "Kev Xiam Hlwb ntawm Tus Menyuam Mos thiab Menyuam"
- 1957-Tau txais APA cov khoom plig rau kev koom tes rau kev xav
Cov Ntawv Tshaj Lij Xaiv
Nov yog qee qhov ntawm Watson cov hauj lwm rau kev nyeem ntawv ntxiv:
- Watson JB. Psychology ua tus cwj pwm coj Views nws. Hauv: Green CD, ed. Classics hauv keeb kwm ntawm Psychology. Ntsuas Kev Ntsuam Xyuas . 1913; 20: 158-177.
- Watson JB, Rayner R. Cov Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Xav Siab. Hauv: Green CD, ed. Classics hauv keeb kwm ntawm Psychology. Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Psychology. 1920; 3 (1): 1-14.
Nthuav Lus Tshaj Tawm
"Muab kuv tus menyuam noj qab nyob zoo, zoo nkauj, thiab kuv tus kheej lub ntiaj teb los coj lawv tuaj rau hauv thiab kuv yuav lav tias yuav coj leej twg ntawm random thiab cob qhia nws ua ib hom kws tshwj xeeb uas kuv xaiv tau-kws kho mob, kws lij choj, kws kos duab , tus txiv neej ua lag luam thiab tus tub sab, txawm nws tsis muaj peev xwm, tsis hais nws tus kheej li cas, nws muaj peev xwm, nws muaj peev xwm, nws muaj peev xwm, nws txoj kev ntseeg, thiab nws haiv neeg ntawm nws cov poj koob yawm txwv thiab kuv lees nws, tab sis tus kws lij choj ntawm qhov tsis tooj thiab lawv tau ua nws rau ntau txhiab xyoo. " -John B. Watson, "Behaviorism," 1925
> Cov chaw
- > Watson JB. Kev coj cwj pwm. New York: Cov neeg lub koom haum Publishing Company; Xyoo 1925.
- > Watson JB. Psychology ua tus cwj pwm coj Views nws. Hauv: Green CD, ed. Classics hauv keeb kwm ntawm Psychology. Ntsuas Kev Ntsuam Xyuas . 1913; 20: 158-177.